A basal ganglia-forebrain circuit in the songbird biases motor output to avoid vocal errors
A basal ganglia-forebrain circuit in the songbird biases motor output to avoid vocal errors
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0903214106
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发表时间：
2009-07-28
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fee, Michale S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andalman, Aaron S.;Fee, Michale S.
鸣禽和哺乳动物一样，基底神经节-前脑回路对于学习和产生复杂的运动行为是必要的;然而，这些回路的确切作用仍然未知。最近的研究表明，鸣禽的基底神经节-前脑回路直接投射到发声运动回路，具有发声学习所需的前运动功能驱动探索。也有人假设，这个被称为前前脑通路（AFP）的回路可能会产生一个指导性的信号，提高运动通路的性能。在这里，我们表明，AFP的输出直接实现了运动校正，减少发声错误。我们使用破坏性的听觉反馈，视歌曲的音高，诱导学习的变化，在歌曲结构的过程中的时间，并发现可逆失活的输出AFP产生这些学习的变化立即回归。因此，AFP参与产生减少错误的偏差，这可以提高发声探索的效率并指导运动通路中的突触变化。我们还发现，学习的变化，在歌曲所产生的AFP纳入运动通路内1天。我们的观察结果支持这样一种观点，即基底神经节相关的电路直接实现行为适应，最大限度地减少错误，并随后通过训练运动前皮质区来稳定这些适应。
In songbirds, as in mammals, basal ganglia-forebrain circuits are necessary for the learning and production of complex motor behaviors; however, the precise role of these circuits remains unknown. It has recently been shown that a basal ganglia-forebrain circuit in the songbird, which projects directly to vocal-motor circuitry, has a premotor function driving exploration necessary for vocal learning. It has also been hypothesized that this circuit, known as the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP), may generate an instructive signal that improves performance in the motor pathway. Here, we show that the output of the AFP directly implements a motor correction that reduces vocal errors. We use disruptive auditory feedback, contingent on song pitch, to induce learned changes in song structure over the course of hours and find that reversible inactivation of the output of the AFP produces an immediate regression of these learned changes. Thus, the AFP is involved in generating an error-reducing bias, which could increase the efficiency of vocal exploration and instruct synaptic changes in the motor pathway. We also find that learned changes in the song generated by the AFP are incorporated into the motor pathway within 1 day. Our observations support a view that basal ganglia-related circuits directly implement behavioral adaptations that minimize errors and subsequently stabilize these adaptations by training premotor cortical areas.