Kinetic theory and transport phenomena
Kinetic theory and transport phenomena
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DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716051.001.0001
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Soto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Soto
人类经常想知道的问题之一是时间之箭。为什么时间进化似乎不可逆转？也就是说，我们经常看到物体破碎成碎片，但我们从来没有看到它们自发地重新组合起来。这一观察结果最早是由所谓的热力学第二定律用科学术语表述的：熵永远不会减小。然而，这一定律并没有解释不可逆性的起源；它只是量化了它。基于对电子、原子和分子运动的统计描述，动力学理论对不可逆性给出了一致的解释。动力学理论的概念已经被应用于无数的情况，包括电子学、早期宇宙中粒子的产生、天体物理等离子体的动力学、量子气体或水中小型微生物的运动，具有很好的定量一致性。这本书介绍了动力学理论的基本原理，考虑了经典范例以及现代应用。它涵盖了应用动力学理论的最重要的系统，解释了它们的主要特征。本文在探索动力学理论的基本概念(不可逆性、传输过程、时间尺度的分离、守恒、粗粒化、分布函数等)之间进行了权衡。以及理论的结果和预测，其中计算了不同系统的相关性质。
One of the questions about which humanity has often wondered is the arrow of time. Why does temporal evolution seem irreversible? That is, we often see objects break into pieces, but we never see them reconstitute spontaneously. This observation was first put into scientific terms by the so-called second law of thermodynamics: entropy never decreases. However, this law does not explain the origin of irreversibly; it only quantifies it. Kinetic theory gives a consistent explanation of irreversibility based on a statistical description of the motion of electrons, atoms, and molecules. The concepts of kinetic theory have been applied to innumerable situations including electronics, the production of particles in the early universe, the dynamics of astrophysical plasmas, quantum gases or the motion of small microorganisms in water, with excellent quantitative agreement. This book presents the fundamentals of kinetic theory, considering classical paradigmatic examples as well as modern applications. It covers the most important systems where kinetic theory is applied, explaining their major features. The text is balanced between exploring the fundamental concepts of kinetic theory (irreversibility, transport processes, separation of time scales, conservations, coarse graining, distribution functions, etc.) and the results and predictions of the theory, where the relevant properties of different systems are computed.