Microstructural evolution and resulting properties of differently sintered and heat-treated binder-jet 3D-printed Stellite 6.
Microstructural evolution and resulting properties of differently sintered and heat-treated binder-jet 3D-printed Stellite 6.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.011
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Mostafaei;Pierangeli Rodriguez De Vecchis;Michael J. Buckenmeyer;S. R. Wasule;B. Brown;M. Chmielus
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Mostafaei;Pierangeli Rodriguez De Vecchis;Michael J. Buckenmeyer;S. R. Wasule;B. Brown;M. Chmielus
钨铬钴合金6组件由气体雾化粉末使用粘合剂喷射3d打印（BJ3DP）制造，然后固化和烧结步骤致密化。绿色部分在1260 °C至1310 °C的温度下烧结1 小时。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、元素分析和x射线衍射等方法研究了烧结和时效过程中的显微组织演变和相形成。结果表明：在1280 ℃以下，晶粒内存在富cr碳化物，形成固态烧结；在1290 °C及更高温度下烧结时，超固相烧结是主要的烧结机制，富co固溶体区域被共晶碳化物包围。烧结在1300 °C导致的最大密度~ 99.8%,平均粒径的~ 98 ± 6 与平均硬度为307μm ± 15 HV0.1and 484 ±30 HV0.1within晶粒边界,分别。老化是900年在 10°C h导致马氏体转变(fcc → hcp)以及增加共晶碳化物在边界和纳米级碳化物颗粒的平均硬度在谷物和边界增强到322 ± 29 HV0.1and 491 ± 58 hv0,分别。将成纤维细胞接种于3d打印的Stellite 6光盘上，48 h后细胞活力为98.8% ± 0.2%，证实这些材料无细胞毒性。目前的研究结果表明，粘合剂喷射可以在义齿金属框架和小规模膝关节模型上产生机械声音复杂形状的结构。
Stellite 6 components are manufactured from gas-atomized powder using binder-jet 3D-printing (BJ3DP) followed by curing and sintering steps for densification. Green parts are sintered at temperatures ranging from 1260 °C to 1310 °C for 1 h. Microstructural evolution and phase formation during sintering and aging are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. It was found that solid-state sintering was present at temperatures below 1280 °C with Cr-rich carbides present within grains; while supersolidus liquid phase sintering was the dominant sintering mechanism during sintering at 1290 °C and higher in which the Co-rich solid solution regions are surrounded by eutectic carbides. Sintering at 1300 °C resulted in the maximum density of ~99.8%, mean grain size of ~98 ± 6 μm with an average hardness of 307 ± 15 HV0.1and 484 ± 30 HV0.1within grain and at the boundaries, respectively. Aging was performed at 900 °C for 10 h leading to the martensitic transformation (fcc → hcp) as well as an increase in eutectic carbides at boundaries and nano-sized carbides within grains where the average hardness within grains and boundaries was enhanced to 322 ± 29 HV0.1and 491 ± 58 HV0.1, respectively. Fibroblasts seeded on top of 3D-printed Stellite 6 discs displayed a cell viability of 98.8% ± 0.2% after 48 h, which confirmed that these materials are non-cytotoxic. Presented results demonstrate that binder jetting can produce mechanically sound complex-shaped structures as shown here on a denture metal framework and small-scale knee model.