Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars
Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars
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DOI：
10.1038/s41561-020-0544-y
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发表时间：
2020-02-24
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Wieczorek, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banerdt, W. Bruce;Smrekar, Suzanne E.;Wieczorek, Mark
美国宇航局的洞察力（使用地震调查，大地测量和热传输进行内部勘探）使命于2018年11月26日降落在火星上的Elysium Planitia。它的目的是确定火星的内部结构、组成和热状态，以及限制当今的地震活动和撞击坑率。这些信息是理解火星的分化和随后的热演化的关键，因此也是塑造火星表面地质和挥发过程的力量。在这里，我们报告了InSight前十个月地球物理观测的概述。截至2019年9月30日，着陆器的地震仪记录了174次地震事件，其中包括20多个矩震级M-w = 3-4的事件。迄今为止的探测结果与构造起源一致，尚未观察到撞击引发的地震活动，表明这是一颗地震活跃的行星。对这些探测结果的评估表明，全球低于大约M-w = 3的地震事件的频率与陆地板内地震活动的频率相似，但更大的地震较少;没有观察到超过M-w = 4的地震。着陆器的其他仪器-两台相机，大气压力，温度和风传感器，磁力计和辐射计-产生的数据远远超过了地震计噪声特性的预期支持数据：磁场测量结果表明，当地的磁场比轨道估计强十倍，气象测量结果显示，大气层比预期的更活跃，存在斜压波、重力波和对流涡旋。由于该使命将持续整个火星年或更长时间，这些结果将通过InSight着陆器的进一步测量来建立。NASA的InSight着陆器在火星上进行的地球物理和气象测量揭示了一个地震活跃的行星，并提供了有关火星内部，表面和大气运作的信息。
NASA's InSight (Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission landed in Elysium Planitia on Mars on 26 November 2018. It aims to determine the interior structure, composition and thermal state of Mars, as well as constrain present-day seismicity and impact cratering rates. Such information is key to understanding the differentiation and subsequent thermal evolution of Mars, and thus the forces that shape the planet's surface geology and volatile processes. Here we report an overview of the first ten months of geophysical observations by InSight. As of 30 September 2019, 174 seismic events have been recorded by the lander's seismometer, including over 20 events of moment magnitude M-w = 3-4. The detections thus far are consistent with tectonic origins, with no impact-induced seismicity yet observed, and indicate a seismically active planet. An assessment of these detections suggests that the frequency of global seismic events below approximately M-w = 3 is similar to that of terrestrial intraplate seismic activity, but there are fewer larger quakes; no quakes exceeding M-w = 4 have been observed. The lander's other instruments-two cameras, atmospheric pressure, temperature and wind sensors, a magnetometer and a radiometer-have yielded much more than the intended supporting data for seismometer noise characterization: magnetic field measurements indicate a local magnetic field that is ten-times stronger than orbital estimates and meteorological measurements reveal a more dynamic atmosphere than expected, hosting baroclinic and gravity waves and convective vortices. With the mission due to last for an entire Martian year or longer, these results will be built on by further measurements by the InSight lander.Geophysical and meteorological measurements by NASA's InSight lander on Mars reveal a planet that is seismically active and provide information about the interior, surface and atmospheric workings of Mars.