Maturity and Regional Influences on Watercore Development and its Postharvest Disappearance in `Fuji' Apples
Maturity and Regional Influences on Watercore Development and its Postharvest Disappearance in `Fuji' Apples
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成熟度和地区对“富士”苹果水核发育及其采后消失的影响
DOI：
10.21273/jashs.124.2.166
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
T. Bartley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Harker;C. Watkins;P. Brookfield;Mellisa J. Miller;S. Reid;P. J. Jackson;R. Bieleski;T. Bartley
富士苹果采前水心发育与采后水心消失的研究比较了新西兰北方（豪克湾，南纬39 °）和南部（奥塔哥，南纬45°）地区。提出了一种新的水心定量方法。在每个水果通过赤道被切成两半后，对症状进行影印，然后使用形态测量方法测量受影响果肉的面积（影印黑色），并与未受影响果肉的面积（影印白色）进行比较。奥塔哥的水芯比豪克湾的水芯更严重，发展也更早。在奥塔哥，一个块型的水心占主导地位，疾病症状最初出现在位于两个心皮的交界处的组织，而在豪克湾的辐射型的水心占主导地位，最初出现在组织周围的芯线维管束。回归分析表明，果园和收获日期占大部分的差异，水心症状和低水平的水心的最初外观是最好的预测，水果将开始发展商业显着水平的水心。背景色、内部乙烯浓度、淀粉图案指数和硬度的引入仅略微提高了回归系数。水心消失的果肉在存储过程中的水果从两个地区。早期收获的水果症状最轻，在储存过程中水心消失率最高。在收获时症状更严重的水果中，其在储存过程中的消失与水果体积和空气空间的增加有关，尽管持续的质量损失。我们认为，在储存过程中，与水心症状相关的细胞外液被吸收到细胞中，从而驱动果实体积的增加。
Preharvest development and postharvest disappearance of watercore in 'Fuji' apples ( Malus ×domestica Borkh.) from a northern (Hawke's Bay, latitude 39 ° south) and southern (Otago, latitude 45° south) region of New Zealand were compared. A new method for quantifying watercore was developed. A photocopy was taken of the symptoms after each fruit was cut in half through the equator, and then the area of affected flesh (photocopies black) was measured using morphometric methods and compared to the area of unaffected flesh (photocopies white). Watercore was more severe and developed earlier in the season in Otago than in Hawke's Bay. In Otago, a block-type watercore predominated, disorder symptoms initially appearing in the tissues located at the junction of two carpels, while in Hawke's Bay a radial-type of watercore predominated, initially appearing in the tissues surrounding the coreline vascular bundles. Regression analysis identified that orchard and harvest date accounted for most of the differences in watercore symptoms and that the initial appearance of low levels of watercore was the best predictor that fruit would start to develop commercially significant levels of watercore. Incorporation of background color, internal ethylene concentration, starch pattern index, and firmness only slightly improved the regression coefficient. Watercore disappeared from the flesh during storage of fruit from both regions. Fruit from early harvests had the least severe symptoms, and the highest rates of watercore disappearance during storage. In fruit with more severe symptoms at harvest, its disappearance during storage was associated with an increase in fruit volume and air space, which occurred despite continuing mass loss. We suggest that during storage, the extracellular fluid associated with watercore symptoms is absorbed into the cells, and thus drives the increase in fruit volume.