Vaccination of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper with two different inactivated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines.
Vaccination of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper with two different inactivated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines.
复制标题
使用两种不同的灭活犬瘟热病毒 (CDV) 疫苗对斑海豹 (Phoca vitulina) 进行疫苗接种以预防犬瘟热。
DOI：
10.1016/0264-410x(89)90276-4
复制
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
A. Osterhaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Visser;M. W. G. Bildt;H. N. Brugge;P. Reijnders;E. Vedder;J. Kuiper;P. Vries;J. Groen;H. C. Walvoort;F. Uytdehaag;A. Osterhaus
两种犬瘟热病毒（CDV）灭活疫苗（佐剂全灭活病毒和亚单位ISCOM制剂）对斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）诱导对斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）的保护性免疫的能力进行了测试。斑海豹是一种最近在北海和波罗的海杀死了约17000只斑海豹的疾病，并被证明是由一种新发现的与CDV抗原密切相关的麻疹病毒感染引起的。4只CDV血清阴性的斑海豹接种3次全病毒疫苗，2只接种ISCOM亚单位疫苗，2只假接种无抗原制剂。在最后一次接种疫苗10天后，当所有6只接种疫苗的动物都产生了CDV中和抗体滴度从300到3000不等时，所有8只动物都通过眼鼻和腹膜途径受到感染，并从死海豹中提取器官悬浮液。6只接种疫苗的动物均未出现临床症状。这两只假接种疫苗的海豹分别在第14天和第18天出现体温升高、呼吸道症状和体重减轻后死亡。用酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫荧光试验证实了两种死亡动物器官中的麻疹病毒抗原。这两只动物中的一只在死亡前产生了低滴度的cdv特异性抗体。这些数据清楚地表明，通过接种某些灭活的犬瘟热病毒疫苗，可以保护海豹免受犬瘟热病毒（PDV）的致命攻击。他们还再次确认，感染PDV应被认为是最近海豹动物流行病的主要原因。
Two inactivated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines—an adjuvanted whole inactivated virus and a subunit ISCOM preparation—were tested for their ability to induce protective immunity in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper, a disease that recently killed > 17 000 harbour seals in the North and Baltic seas, and was shown to be caused by infection with a newly discovered morbillivirus, which is antigenically closely related to CDV. Four CDV seronegative harbour seals were vaccinated three times with the whole-virus vaccine, two with the ISCOM subunit vaccine and two were sham-vaccinated with an antigen-free preparation. Ten days after the last vaccination, when all six vaccinated animals had developed CDV neutralizing antibody titres ranging from 300 to 3000, all eight animals were challenged by the oculonasal and the peritoneal routes, with an organ suspension from dead seals. None of the six vaccinated animals developed clinical signs. The two sham-vaccinated seals died on days 14 and 18, respectively, after having shown a body temperature rise, respiratory symptoms and weight loss. In organs from both dead animals morbillivirus antigen was demonstrated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunofluorescence assay. One of these two animals had developed a low titre of CDV-specific antibodies just before death. These data clearly indicate that seals can be protected from fatal challenge with the phocid distemper virus (PDV), by vaccination with certain inactivated CDV vaccines. They also reconfirm that infection with PDV should be considered the primary cause of the recent epizootic in seals.