Influence of substrate preference and complexity on co-existence of two non-native gammarideans (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
Influence of substrate preference and complexity on co-existence of two non-native gammarideans (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
复制标题
底物偏好和复杂性对两种非本地伽马里亚纲（甲壳纲：片足纲）共存的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s10452-009-9242-y
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
G. Maier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Kley;W. Kinzler;Yasmin Schank;Gerd Mayer;D. Waloszek;G. Maier
在混合和单种水族箱实验中，研究了已建立良好的Gammarus roeselii和入侵者Dikerogammarus villosus的底物选择，游泳活动和捕食风险。我们使用石头，砾石和水生杂草（伊乐藻，轮藻）作为基质。我们假设，这两个物种有不同的基板的喜好和基板影响捕食风险。我们还假设D.绒毛大小影响着G. roeselii，因为已知入侵者会影响其他伽马科动物的行为。成年人D。单种实验中的绒螯蟹、混种实验中的幼蟹和单种实验中的幼蟹在不同基质上分布均匀，而混种实验中的成虫更倾向于选择石头基质。与此相反，G. roeselii明显地偏好水生杂草，而与入侵者的存在/不存在无关。这两个物种都喜欢基板上的裂缝表面光滑的表面基板。罗氏钩虾游泳频率高于钩虾。在开放水域中，其游泳活性，但它的游泳活性较低时，它的首选基板相比，如果非首选基板的存在。江鳕对D.绒毛的生长量相对较低，且与基质无关。江鳕消耗的G roeselii比D.绒毛，无论是在混合和单一物种的实验。但当G. roeselii（杂草）为试验材料，测定了江鳕对罗氏沼虾的捕食率。Roeselii略低于存在非优选底物时。实验结果支持我们的假设，这里研究的gammarids有不同的基板偏好和存在的首选基板可以影响捕食风险。然而，没有证据表明D.绒毡毛对G. roeselii。我们认为空间小生境利用的差异允许G. roeselii和D.当基质多样时，野生的绒毛状。G. roeselii比D.在开放水域游泳的绒毛鱼比较常见，这可能是它被鱼类捕获的风险较高的原因。
Substrate choice, swimming activity and risk to predation by burbot (Lota lota) of the well established Gammarus roeselii and the invader Dikerogammarus villosus were studied in mixed and single-species aquarium experiments. We used stones, gravel and aquatic weeds (Elodea, Chara) as substrates. We hypothesized that both species have different substrate preferences and that substrate affects the predation risk. We also assumed that presence of D. villosus influences substrate preference and predation risk of G. roeselii since the invader is known to affect the behavior of other gammarids. Adults of D. villosus in single species experiments and juveniles in mixed and single species experiments were evenly distributed over the different substrates but adults in mixed species experiments were more likely to prefer stone substrate. In contrast, adults and juveniles of G. roeselii clearly preferred aquatic weeds independent of the presence/absence of the invader. Both species preferred substrates with fissured surface over substrates with smooth surface. Gammarus roeselii was observed swimming more often than D. villosus in the open water but its swimming activity was lower when its preferred substrate was present compared with its swimming activity if non-preferred substrates were present. Predation rate of burbot on D. villosus was comparatively low and independent of the substrate. Burbot consumed many more G. roeselii than D. villosus, both in mixed and single species experiments. But when the preferred substrate of G. roeselii (weeds) was used in the experiments, predation rate of burbot on G. roeselii was somewhat lower than that when non-preferred substrates were present. The results of the experiments support our hypothesis that the gammarids studied here have different substrate preferences and that presence of the preferred substrate can affect predation risk. However, there is no evidence that presence of D. villosus affected substrate choice or predation risk in G. roeselii. We consider that differences in use of spatial niches permit co-existence of G. roeselii and D. villosus in the wild when substrates are diverse. The fact that G. roeselii than D. villosus is more often observed swimming in the open water may explain its higher risk of being captured by fish.