TOWARDS A TAXONOMY OF PERSONALITY DESCRIPTORS IN GERMAN - A PSYCHOLEXICAL STUDY
TOWARDS A TAXONOMY OF PERSONALITY DESCRIPTORS IN GERMAN - A PSYCHOLEXICAL STUDY
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DOI：
10.1002/per.2410040204
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发表时间：
1990-06-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
JOHN, OP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANGLEITNER, A;OSTENDORF, F;JOHN, OP
我们提出了两项研究，旨在开发一个全面的分类德国人格描述性术语。在第一项研究中，所有描述性格的形容词（例如愤世嫉俗），类型名词（例如愤世嫉俗）和属性名词（例如愤世嫉俗）都是从德语词典中提取的。我们发现，几乎一半的德语形容词与人格相关，而只有8%的名词与人格相关。此外，属性名词比类型名词多，后者看起来更俚语，隐喻，具体和丰富的意象（例如大嘴巴，木头头）。第二个研究探讨了人格描述单位之间的基本概念区别，并在原型概念的基础上建立了一个范畴系统，将5092个形容词分为13类。该分类可在两名法官和两年时间间隔内推广，并与先验专家分类一致。原型类别核心的分析表明，评价，气质和性格特征，体验状态是最广泛的代表在德国，而社会影响，角色和关系，外观是相当罕见的。这些发现，虽然大体上相似，但在评价术语和活动描述符的数量上不同于诺曼（1967）的美国分类法。我们的研究提供了全面的和有代表性的德语单词的人格特质，情绪和情感，社会角色，效果，评价和身体外观的列表，并可以作为分类，维度分析和评估工具的基础。我们强调需要标准化的程序，在分类学研究和概述其他语言的未来研究的建议。
We present two studies aimed at developing a comprehensive taxonomy of German personality‐descriptive terms. In the first study, all personality‐descriptive adjectives (e.g. cynical), type nouns (e.g. cynic), and attribute nouns (e.g. cynicism) were extracted from a German dictionary. We found that almost half of all German adjectives were potentially personality‐relevant, as contrasted with only 8% of the nouns. Moreover, there were more attribute nouns than type nouns, the latter appearing more slangy, metaphorical, concrete, and rich in imagery (e.g. Big‐mouth, Wooden‐head). In the second study, we discuss basic conceptual distinctions among units ofpersonality description, develop a category system basedon a prototype conception, and present a classification of 5092 adjectives into 13 categories. The classifications were generalizable across both judges and a two‐year time interval, and agreed with a priori expert classifications. An analysis of the prototypical category cores suggested that Evaluations, Temperament and character traits, and Experiential states were represented most extensively in German, whereas Social effects, Roles and relationships, and Appearance were rather infrequent. These findings, though generally similar, differ from Norman's (1967) American taxonomy in the number of Evaluative terms and of Activity descriptors. Our studies provide comprehensive and representative lists of German words for personality traits, moods and emotions, social roles, effects, evaluations, and physical appearance, and may serve as the basis for taxonomies, dimensional analyses, and assessment instruments. We emphasize the need to standardize procedures in taxonomic research and outline suggestions for future studies of other languages.