Snow moulds in polar environments
Snow moulds in polar environments
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极地环境中的雪霉
DOI：
10.1016/j.funeco.2012.01.003
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Newsham, Kevin K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tojo, Motoaki;Newsham, Kevin K.
雪霉菌是真菌和真菌样微生物，经常作为苔藓和维管植物物种的病原体出现在北极和南极，主要是在每年有几个月永久积雪的海洋地区。在这里，我们回顾了极地雪霉菌居住的环境，它们的分布和感染的宏观特征，如在高等植物的叶子上形成的菌核，或在苔藓中发现的更常见的同心环。感染的微观特征进行了描述，因为是分类群的雪霉菌在极地栖息地发现，如子囊菌Thyronectria anastritica变种。hyperanastritica和Sclerotinia borealis，担子菌Typhula ishikariensis和卵菌Pythium。最近的研究表明，腐霉属的异宗配合种显然具有两极分布。雪霉菌对极地环境的适应，如它们在低温下的生长，也包括在内，以及未来研究这些微生物的途径。(C)2012 Elsevier Ltd和英国真菌学会。All rights reserved.
Snow moulds are fungi and fungal-like microbes that occur frequently as pathogens of moss and vascular plant species in the Arctic and Antarctic, chiefly in maritime areas with permanent snow cover for several months of each year. Here, we review the environments inhabited by polar snow moulds, their distribution and the macroscopic features of infections, such as the sclerotia that form on the leaves of higher plants, or the more frequently encountered concentric rings found in moss stands. The microscopic features of infections are described, as are the taxa of snow moulds found in polar habitats, such as the ascomycetes Thyronectria antarctica var. hyperantarctica and Sclerotinia borealis, the basidiomycete Typhula ishikariensis and the oomycete Pythium. Recent research, also reviewed here, indicates that a heterothallic species of Pythium apparently has a bipolar distribution. The adaptations of snow moulds to polar environments, such as their growth at low temperatures, are covered, as are avenues for future research on these microbes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.