Circadian clock mechanism driving mammalian photoperiodism

Circadian clock mechanism driving mammalian photoperiodism
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驱动哺乳动物光周期的昼夜节律时钟机制

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-18061-z
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Wood S
Wood S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wood S

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每年的光周期循环提供了关键的环境线索,使季节性栖息地的生命节律同步。1936年,Bünning提出了一种基于昼夜节律的重合计时器,用于植物的光周期同步。正式的研究支持这种所谓的巧合计时器的普遍性,但我们缺乏对所涉及的机制的了解。在这里,我们表明,在哺乳动物中,长的光周期诱导昼夜节律转录因子BMAL 2,在垂体结节部,并通过眼睛缺失/促甲状腺激素(EYA 3/TSH)途径触发夏季生物学。相反,短光周期下的长时间褪黑激素信号诱导昼夜节律抑制因子,包括DEC 1,抑制BMAL 2和EYA 3/TSH通路,触发冬季生物学。这些行动与染色质状态的全基因组变化有关,阐述了昼夜节律重合计时器的作用。因此,昼夜节律钟-垂体表观遗传途径相互作用形成哺乳动物重合计时器机制的基础。我们的研究结果构成了脊椎动物基于昼夜节律的季节性计时的蓝图。
The annual photoperiod cycle provides the critical environmental cue synchronizing rhythms of life in seasonal habitats. In 1936, Bünning proposed a circadian-based coincidence timer for photoperiodic synchronization in plants. Formal studies support the universality of this so-called coincidence timer, but we lack understanding of the mechanisms involved. Here we show in mammals that long photoperiods induce the circadian transcription factorBMAL2, in thepars tuberalisof the pituitary, and triggers summer biology through the eyes absent/thyrotrophin (EYA3/TSH) pathway. Conversely, long-duration melatonin signals on short photoperiods induce circadian repressors includingDEC1, suppressing BMAL2 and the EYA3/TSH pathway, triggering winter biology. These actions are associated with progressive genome-wide changes in chromatin state, elaborating the effect of the circadian coincidence timer. Hence, circadian clock-pituitary epigenetic pathway interactions form the basis of the mammalian coincidence timer mechanism. Our results constitute a blueprint for circadian-based seasonal timekeeping in vertebrates.
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