Factors influencing social distance toward people with mental illness
Factors influencing social distance toward people with mental illness
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DOI：
10.1023/b:comh.0000026999.87728.2d
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rössler, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lauber, C;Nordt, C;Rössler, W
背景：在确定减少精神疾病污名化的方法时，了解促成因素至关重要。社会距离，即与一个人建立不同亲密关系的意愿，是公众对精神疾病患者态度的一个指标。研究方法：多元线性回归分析结果的一个小插曲为基础的民意调查进行了代表五个人口样本在瑞士（n = 594）。结果：当情境暗示“社会亲密”时，社会距离水平增加。“描述精神分裂症患者的小插曲，对心理健康一般方面的态度（外行帮助，社区精神病学），对受影响者的情绪，以及对精神疾病后果的态度（药物治疗，药物副作用，负面制裁，例如吊销驾驶执照）被发现可以预测社交距离。年龄、性别和文化背景等人口统计学因素影响社会距离。解释方差（R-2）为44.8%。结论：社会距离是一个多方面的概念，例如，社会经济和文化因素，但也被受访者对（精神）健康问题的一般态度。这些结果表明，对精神疾病，尤其是精神分裂症的更多了解可能会增加社交距离。这里介绍的调查结果可能有助于将反污名运动的重点不仅放在知识的传播上，而且放在整合不同的方法上。
Background: When identifying ways to reduce stigmatization because of mental illness it is crucial to understand contributing factors. Social distance-the willingness to engage in relationships of varying intimacy with a person-is an indicator of public attitudes toward persons with mental illness. Methods: Multiple linear regression analysis of the results of a vignette-based opinion survey conducted on a represent a five population sample in Switzerland (n = 594). Results: The level of social distance increases if situations imply 'social closeness.' The vignette describing a person with schizophrenia, attitudes to general aspects of mental health (lay helping, community psychiatry), emotions toward those affected, and the attitude toward consequences of mental illness (medical treatment, medication side effects, negative sanctions, e.g. withdrawal of the driver license) were found to predict social distance. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and the cultural background influence social distance. The explained variance (R-2) is 44.8%. Conclusions: Social distance is a multifaceted concept influenced by, e.g., socio-economic and cultural factors, but also by the respondent's general attitude toward (mental) health issues. These results suggest that more knowledge about mental illnesses, especially schizophrenia, may increase social distance. The findings presented here may help to focus anti-stigma campaigns not only on transmission of knowledge, but on integrating different approaches.