Diversity and robustness of bone morphogenetic protein pattern formation.
Diversity and robustness of bone morphogenetic protein pattern formation.
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.192344
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Umulis DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Madamanchi A;Mullins MC;Umulis DM
骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）的模式形成在多种情况下表现出显着的可塑性和实用性，例如早期胚胎发育、组织模式和干细胞生态位的维持。 BMP 在许多时间和空间尺度上形成组织模式：短至 1-2 个细胞直径的 BMP 梯度可在 24 小时的周期内维持果蝇生殖细胞的干细胞生态位，而数百微米的 BMP 梯度在 30 分钟到几个小时的时间尺度内建立果蝇、斑马鱼和非洲爪蟾胚胎的背腹组织规范。形成 BMP 信号梯度的机制也极其多样化。尽管配体扩散在形成梯度中起主导作用，但一系列可扩散和非扩散调节剂可调节梯度形成并赋予鲁棒性，包括尺度不变性和对基因表达和生长扰动的适应性。在这篇综述中，我们记录了 BMP 梯度形成和细化的多种方式，并确定了它们共享的实现可靠性能的核心原则。摘要：本综述着眼于不同发育环境中的 BMP 形态发生素梯度模式，包括谷盗、果蝇、非洲爪蟾和斑马鱼早期胚胎，以及果蝇翼成虫盘和胚盘。
Pattern formation by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) demonstrates remarkable plasticity and utility in several contexts, such as early embryonic development, tissue patterning and the maintenance of stem cell niches. BMPs pattern tissues over many temporal and spatial scales: BMP gradients as short as 1-2 cell diameters maintain the stem cell niche of the Drosophila germarium over a 24-h cycle, and BMP gradients of several hundred microns establish dorsal-ventral tissue specification in Drosophila, zebrafish and Xenopus embryos in timescales between 30 min and several hours. The mechanisms that shape BMP signaling gradients are also incredibly diverse. Although ligand diffusion plays a dominant role in forming the gradient, a cast of diffusible and non-diffusible regulators modulate gradient formation and confer robustness, including scale invariance and adaptability to perturbations in gene expression and growth. In this Review, we document the diverse ways that BMP gradients are formed and refined, and we identify the core principles that they share to achieve reliable performance. Summary: This Review looks at BMP morphogen gradient patterning in diverse developmental contexts including in Tribolium, Drosophila, Xenopus and zebrafish early embryos, as well as the Drosophila wing imaginal disc and germarium.