Semantic priming in young and older adults: evidence for age constancy in automatic and attentional processes.
Semantic priming in young and older adults: evidence for age constancy in automatic and attentional processes.
复制标题
年轻人和老年人的语义启动：自动和注意力过程中年龄恒定性的证据。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.13.1.79
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diaz,DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burke,DM;White,H;Diaz,DL
在年轻人和老年人中评估了语义启动的自动和注意成分及其与情景记忆的关系。类别名称担任总理的话，和相关性的总理随后的词汇决策目标的正交变化与目标类别是否是预期或意外。在410 ms的启动目标刺激起始时间（SOA），在同一类别的目标词有更快的词汇决策延迟比不同类别的目标。这种影响在1,550 ms SOA时并不显著，归因于自动过程。在410 ms SOA时，预期类别目标的延迟比非预期类别目标更快，并且在1，550 ms SOA时效应的幅度增加。这种效应归因于注意力过程。这两个年龄组的启动模式，但在一个惊喜的记忆测试中，老年人的启动和目标的回忆较差。我们讨论了这些结果的影响，老年人遭受赤字的假设，选择性注意力和相关的假设，注意力缺陷损害语义处理，这会导致老年记忆减退。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Automatic and attentional components of semantic priming and the relation of each to episodic memory were evaluated in young and older adults. Category names served as prime words, and the relatedness of the prime to a subsequent lexical decision target was varied orthogonally with whether the target category was expected or unexpected. At a prime-target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) of 410 ms, target words in the same category had faster lexical decision latencies than did different category targets. This effect was not significant at a 1,550-ms SOA and was attributed to automatic processes. Expected category targets had faster latencies than unexpected category targets at the 410-ms SOA, and the magnitude of the effect increased at the 1,550-ms SOA. This effect was attributed to attentional processes. These patterns of priming were obtained for both age groups, but in a surprise memory test older adults had poorer recall of primes and targets. We discuss the implications of these results for the hypothesis that older adults suffer deficits in selective attention and for the related hypothesis that attentional deficits impair semantic processing, which causes memory decrements in old age.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)