Potential Environmental Factors Affecting Oil-Degrading Bacterial Populations in Deep and Surface Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico.
Potential Environmental Factors Affecting Oil-Degrading Bacterial Populations in Deep and Surface Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico.
复制标题
影响墨西哥北部海湾深水和地表水域中降级细菌种群的潜在环境因素。
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.02131
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Liu Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu J;Bacosa HP;Liu Z
了解石油泄漏造成的细菌群落动态对于预测释放到环境中的石油的命运和制定墨西哥湾的生物修复策略非常重要。在这项研究中，我们通过一系列的培养实验，旨在阐明温度、水化学(营养)和初始细菌群落在选择石油降解菌方面的作用。在深水地平线附近采集的表层(2米)和底层(1537米)水域，用200ppm的路易斯安那州轻质低硫原油和来自表层或底层的细菌接种进行修正，并在4℃或24°C下培养50天。分别用焦解测序法和气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析细菌群落和残留油。结果表明，温度对石油降解菌的选择起着关键作用。4℃培养有利于环状芽胞杆菌、假交替单胞菌、硫杆菌和Reinekea的生长，而24℃培养有利于Oleibacter、Thalassobius、Phaebacter和Rosebacter的生长。水化学和初始群落对碳氢化合物降解细菌群落的发展也有潜在的作用。假交替单胞菌、Oleibacter和Winogradsky在营养丰富的底层水中发育良好，而雷尼凯属和海拉索比乌斯在低营养盐表层水中发育较好。结果表明，4℃、原油和底液的组合是环状芽胞杆菌生长的关键因素，而表层接种和底水化学的组合对假交替单胞菌的生长起重要作用。此外，无论接种物的来源是什么，24℃的底水对Oleibacter都是有利的条件。冗余分析进一步表明，温度和初始群落分别解释了57%和19%的变化，而油和水化学分别解释了14%和10%的变化。总体而言，这项研究揭示了温度、水化学和初始细菌群落在选择石油降解者和调节他们在墨西哥湾北部进化中的相对作用。
Understanding bacterial community dynamics as a result of an oil spill is important for predicting the fate of oil released to the environment and developing bioremediation strategies in the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of temperature, water chemistry (nutrients), and initial bacterial community in selecting oil degraders through a series of incubation experiments. Surface (2 m) and bottom (1537 m) waters, collected near the Deepwater Horizon site, were amended with 200 ppm light Louisiana sweet crude oil and bacterial inoculums from surface or bottom water, and incubated at 4 or 24°C for 50 days. Bacterial community and residual oil were analyzed by pyrosequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The results showed that temperature played a key role in selecting oil-degrading bacteria. Incubation at 4°C favored the development of Cycloclasticus, Pseudoalteromonas, Sulfitobacter, and Reinekea, while 24°C incubations enhanced Oleibacter, Thalassobius, Phaeobacter, and Roseobacter. Water chemistry and the initial community also had potential roles in the development of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial communities. Pseudoalteromonas, Oleibacter, and Winogradskyella developed well in the nutrient-enriched bottom water, while Reinekea and Thalassobius were favored by low-nutrient surface water. We revealed that the combination of 4°C, crude oil and bottom inoculum was a key factor for the growth of Cycloclasticus, while the combination of surface inoculum and bottom water chemistry was important for the growth of Pseudoalteromonas. Moreover, regardless of the source of inoculum, bottom water at 24°C was a favorable condition for Oleibacter. Redundancy analysis further showed that temperature and initial community explained 57 and 19% of the variation observed, while oil and water chemistry contributed 14 and 10%, respectively. Overall, this study revealed the relative roles of temperature, water chemistry, and initial bacterial community in selecting oil degraders and regulating their evolution in the northern Gulf of Mexico.