Forensic use of Y-chromosome DNA: a general overview.
Forensic use of Y-chromosome DNA: a general overview.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00439-017-1776-9
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Kayser M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kayser M
人类Y染色体的男性特异性部分被广泛用于法医DNA分析，特别是在标准常染色体DNA分析信息不足的情况下。y染色体基因片段用于推断犯罪现场痕迹供体的生物学性别。由y染色体短串联重复多态性（Y-STRs）组成的单倍型用于描述未知男性供体的父系血统，尤其适用于男性和女性贡献相同的供体，例如性侵犯案件。在犯罪现场调查中应用Y-STR单倍型可以(i)排除男性嫌疑人参与犯罪，（ii）确定男性肇事者的父系，（iii）突出多个男性贡献者的痕迹，（iv）为寻找未知的男性肇事者提供调查线索。Y-STR单倍型分析应用于男性后代的亲子关系纠纷和其他类型的父系亲属关系检测，包括历史案例，以及涉及男性的失踪人口和灾害受害者鉴定等特殊案例。y染色体多态性用于推断未知痕量供体或失踪人员的父亲生物地理血统，在常染色体DNA谱分析无信息的情况下。在本综述中，描述了y染色体DNA的所有不同的法医应用。为了说明法医y染色体分析的必要性，本文描述了一起著名谋杀案的调查，该案件引发了国家法医DNA立法的两次变化，都涉及y染色体的使用，并最终通过一个创新的Y-STR天罗网在14年后由数千名志愿者参与解决。最后，对法医y染色体DNA分析的未来进行了展望。
The male-specific part of the human Y chromosome is widely used in forensic DNA analysis, particularly in cases where standard autosomal DNA profiling is not informative. A Y-chromosomal gene fragment is applied for inferring the biological sex of a crime scene trace donor. Haplotypes composed of Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) are used to characterise paternal lineages of unknown male trace donors, especially suitable when males and females have contributed to the same trace, such as in sexual assault cases. Y-STR haplotyping applied in crime scene investigation can (i) exclude male suspects from involvement in crime, (ii) identify the paternal lineage of male perpetrators, (iii) highlight multiple male contributors to a trace, and (iv) provide investigative leads for finding unknown male perpetrators. Y-STR haplotype analysis is employed in paternity disputes of male offspring and other types of paternal kinship testing, including historical cases, as well as in special cases of missing person and disaster victim identification involving men. Y-chromosome polymorphisms are applied for inferring the paternal bio-geographic ancestry of unknown trace donors or missing persons, in cases where autosomal DNA profiling is uninformative. In this overview, all different forensic applications of Y-chromosome DNA are described. To illustrate the necessity of forensic Y-chromosome analysis, the investigation of a prominent murder case is described, which initiated two changes in national forensic DNA legislation both covering Y-chromosome use, and was finally solved via an innovative Y-STR dragnet involving thousands of volunteers after 14 years. Finally, expectations for the future of forensic Y-chromosome DNA analysis are discussed.