Mother-calf interactions and social behavior development in Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii)
Mother-calf interactions and social behavior development in Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii)
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科默森海豚 (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) 的母幼互动和社会行为发展
DOI：
10.1007/s10164-013-0380-2
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Shiro Kohshima.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mai Sakai;Tadamichi Morisaka;Mari Iwasaki;Yayoi Yoshida;Ikuo Wakabayashi;Atsushi Seko;Masahiko Kasamatsu;Shiro Kohshima.
在四对科默森海豚 (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) 母幼对中，研究了母幼互动以及母亲与幼崽分离期间的行为。观察了 4 名婴儿：从出生到 263 天的 30 天期间 56.8 小时，从出生到 149 天的 20 天期间 36.9 小时，从出生到 2 天的 3 天期间 10.4 小时，从出生到 2 天的 3 天期间 15.0 小时。所有四对在母牛互动的速率和频率以及母亲在生命第一周的行为方面都有共同的特征。第一周后，观察每种行为频率变化的个体差异。被认为代表产妇护理的三种行为（平行游泳、同步呼吸和身体接触）在第一周经常进行；此后，频率下降。母亲的单独行为在第一周内并不常见，并且随着婴儿年龄的增加而增加。随着时间的推移，婴儿的碰撞次数增加，这表明小牛的拉拢行为以及母亲和小牛之间的冲突有所增加。鳍与身体摩擦的频率也发生了变化，但方式很复杂，可能是因为小牛需要从母亲那里学习如何执行这种行为，而且这种行为的发起者和接受者可以很快改变。
Mother–calf interactions and the behaviors of mothers during separation from their calves were examined in four Commerson’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) mother–calf pairs. Four infants were observed: 56.8 h over 30 days from birth to 263 days of age, 36.9 h over 20 days from birth to 149 days of age, 10.4 h over 3 days from birth to 2 days of age, and 15.0 h over 3 days from birth to 2 days of age. All four pairs shared common characteristics in the rate and frequencies of mother–calf interactions and the behaviors of mothers during the first week of life. After the first week, individual differences in changes in the frequency of each behavior were observed. The three behaviors considered representative of maternal care (parallel swimming, synchronous breathing, and body-to-body contact) were frequently performed in the first week; thereafter, the frequencies declined. Separate behaviors of mothers were infrequent during the first week and increased with an increase in infants’ age. Bumping by infants increased with time, suggesting an increase in soliciting by calves and conflict between mothers and calves. The frequency of flipper-to-body rubbing also changed but in a complex manner, probably because the calves needed to learn how to perform this behavior from their mothers and because initiator and recipient of this behavior can be changed quickly.