Validation of Walk Score for estimating access to walkable amenities.
Validation of Walk Score for estimating access to walkable amenities.
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DOI：
10.1136/bjsm.2009.069609
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Marcus BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr LJ;Dunsiger SI;Marcus BH
靠近可步行的目的地或便利设施被认为会影响身体活动行为。以前试图计算社区步行能力的努力依赖于自我报告或耗时且昂贵的测量。Walk Score是一个新颖的、公开的网站，它根据13个便利设施类别（如杂货店、咖啡店、餐馆、酒吧、电影院、学校、公园、图书馆、书店、健身中心、药店、五金店、服装/音乐商店）的接近程度来估计社区的步行能力。本研究的目的是测试步行评分的效度和信度，以估计客观测量的步行设施的可达性。罗德岛379个住宅/非住宅地址的步行分数是手工计算的。利用地理信息系统（GIS）客观地测量了13个步行得分类别中的4194个可步行设施。GIS数据是从公开可用的数据源汇总的。每个类别中的便利设施总数与地址数据相匹配，并计算类别总数与地址步行得分之间的Pearson相关性。在379个住宅和非住宅地址的1英里缓冲区内，步行得分与所有类别的综合步行目的地之间存在显著相关性。100个地址的子样本的重测信度相关系数为1.0。这些结果支持步行评分作为一个可靠和有效的衡量获取步行设施。对于有兴趣探索可步行设施与健康行为（如体育活动）之间关系的研究人员来说，步行评分可能是一个方便而廉价的选择。
Proximity to walkable destinations or amenities is thought to influence physical activity behaviour. Previous efforts attempting to calculate neighbourhood walkability have relied on self-report or time-intensive and costly measures. Walk Score is a novel and publicly available website that estimates neighbourhood walkability based on proximity to 13 amenity categories (eg, grocery stores, coffee shops, restaurants, bars, movie theatres, schools, parks, libraries, book stores, fitness centres, drug stores, hardware stores, clothing/music stores). The purpose of this study is to test the validity and reliability of Walk Score for estimating access to objectively measured walkable amenities. Walk Scores of 379 residential/non- residential addresses in Rhode Island were manually calculated. Geographic information systems (GIS) was used to objectively measure 4194 walkable amenities in the 13 Walk Score categories. GIS data were aggregated from publicly available data sources. Sums of amenities within each category were matched to address data, and Pearson correlations were calculated between the category sums and address Walk Scores. Significant correlations were identified between Walk Score and all categories of aggregated walkable destinations within a 1-mile buffer of the 379 residential and non-residential addresses. Test–retest reliability correlation coefficients for a subsample of 100 addresses were 1.0. These results support Walk Score as a reliable and valid measure of estimating access to walkable amenities. Walk Score may be a convenient and inexpensive option for researchers interested in exploring the relationship between access to walkable amenities and health behaviours such as physical activity.