Explaining gaps by parental education in children's early language and social outcomes at age 3-4 years: evidence from harmonised data from three countries
Explaining gaps by parental education in children's early language and social outcomes at age 3-4 years: evidence from harmonised data from three countries
复制标题
解释父母教育对儿童 3-4 岁早期语言和社会结果的差距：来自三个国家统一数据的证据
DOI：
10.1007/s12144-022-03754-z
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Volodina A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Volodina A
孩子的结局因家庭的社会经济地位(SES)而异。对早期社会经济地位相关差异的解释因素的研究主要集中在单个国家的具体儿童结果(例如语言技能)和选定的影响因素上，往往侧重于个体差异，而不是明确地关注与社会经济地位相关的早期差距。这项研究使用了在英国、美国和德国进行的纵向大规模研究的协调数据，以检验父母在儿童早期语言和社交技能方面与教育相关的差距。12个理论上提出的与家庭、儿童和托儿相关的因素被系统地评估为解释因素。在所有国家，早期儿童语言与社交技能相比，与父母教育相关的差距尤其明显。在分解分析中，家庭学习环境是唯一能显著解释所有国家所有儿童结果差距的指标。早期以中心为基础的护理服务、家庭收入和分娩时的产妇年龄是造成儿童结果差距的原因之一，结果的具体模式因结果和国家而异。母亲的抑郁情绪只对解释儿童社交技能方面的差距起到了重要作用。因此，虽然可以从单一国家、单一领域的研究中概括出一些支撑早期父母教育相关差距的机制，但其他机制是特定于结果和背景的。
Child outcomes vary by family’s socioeconomic status (SES). Research on explanatory factors underlying early SES-related disparities has mainly focused on specific child outcomes (e.g., language skills) and selected influencing factors in single countries often with a focus on individual differences but not explicitly on early SES-related gaps. This study uses harmonised data from longitudinal large-scale studies conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, and Germany to examine parental education-related gaps in early child language and social skills. Twelve theoretically proposed family-, child-, and childcare-related factors were systematically evaluated as explanatory factors. In all countries, parental education-related gaps were particularly pronounced for early child language compared to social skills. In the decomposition analyses, the home learning environment was the only measure that significantly explained gaps in all child outcomes across all countries. Early centre-based care attendance, family income, and maternal age at childbirth contributed to gaps in child outcomes with the specific pattern of results varying across outcomes and countries. Maternal depressive feelings significantly contributed only to explaining gaps in children’s social skills. Thus, while some mechanisms found to underpin early parental education-related gaps can be generalized from single-country, single-domain studies, others are outcome- and context-specific.