Optomechanics of Plastic Optical Components
Optomechanics of Plastic Optical Components
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DOI：
10.1002/3527605126.ch2
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pfeffer, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pfeffer, Michael
引用Dan Vukobratovic，Willey和Parks[1]将光学机械定义为“维持光学系统功能元件的适当形状和位置以满足系统性能要求的科学、工程和/或艺术”。对于机械工程来说，这也意味着“重点是应变或变形，而不是应力。”从这个角度出发，在考虑塑料光学时出现了几个新的方面，所有这些方面都源于两个根本的不同。首先，与玻璃或金属相比，光学塑料具有非常不同的材料特性。其次，塑料光学零部件的制造方法和工艺通常不同于应用于经典光学的那些方法和工艺。因此，一方面，这带来了各种新的可能性，例如：·大批量生产能力和较低的相对制造成本；·在设计、成形和构造光学活性表面(包括非球面、微光学折射和衍射特征)方面的自由度；·由于塑料光学材料的较小密度和轻质结构的易于实现而减轻了重量；·由于大多数塑料光学材料的弹性行为而具有更高的抗碎性；以及·在处理热塑性树脂时，实施了节省成本的光学元件安装方法，如折断、螺丝和焊接技术。
Citing Dan Vukobratovic, Willey and Parks [1] defined optomechanics “as the science, engineering, and/or art of maintaining the proper shapes and positions of the functional elements of an optical system so that the system performance requirements are satisfied.” With respect to mechanical engineering this also implies “that the emphasis is on strain or deformation rather than stress.” Starting from this point of view, several new aspects arise when considering plastic optics, all of which have their origin in two fundamental differences. First, in comparison to glasses or metals, optical plastics have quite different material properties. Second, plastic optical parts and components are typically fabricated by methods and processes different from those applied to classic optics. As a consequence, this gives rise to, on the one hand, various new possibilities such as:• high-volume production capability and low relative manufacturing cost;• freedom with respect to design, shaping, and structuring optically active surfaces, including aspheric, micro-optical refractive, and diffractive features;• reduction of weight due to both smaller densities of plastic optical materials and facile realization of lightweight structures;• higher shatter resistance due to the elastic behavior of most plastic optical materials; and• implementation of cost-saving mounting methods for optical elements such as snapping, screwing, and welding techniques when dealing with thermoplastic resins.