Running late: testing delayed supermassive black hole growth models against the quasar luminosity function
Running late: testing delayed supermassive black hole growth models against the quasar luminosity function
复制标题
迟到：根据类星体光度函数测试延迟的超大质量黑洞生长模型
DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stac398
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tillman, Megan Taylor;Wellons, Sarah;Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André;Kelley, Luke Zoltan;Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
在低红移下对大质量星系的观测揭示了超大质量黑洞（SMBH）的质量与其宿主星系的性质之间近似线性的标度关系。然而，这些标度关系如何随着红移而演变，以及它们是否延伸到较低质量的星系，仍然是悬而未决的问题。最近的星系形成模拟预测的延迟，或“两个阶段”，增长的SMBHs：缓慢，高度间歇性BH增长由于重复的气体喷射恒星反馈在低质量星系，其次是更持久的气体吸积，最终带来BH的本地标度关系。预测的两阶段增长意味着一个陡峭的增加，或“扭结”，在BH星系的标度关系在恒星质量M。我们建立了一个参数化的半解析模型，将不同的SMBH增长模型与类星体光度函数（QLF）在0.5−4的观测结果进行比较。我们比较模型中，SMBH质量和星系质量之间的关系是纯线性与两相模型。模型锚定到观测到的星系恒星质量函数，并在不同的红移BH质量函数一致连接的吸积率有助于QLF。最佳拟合表明，两个阶段的演变是显着首选的QLF数据在一个纯粹的线性标度关系。此外，当模型参数保持自由时，两相模型拟合意味着过渡质量与模拟预测一致。我们的分析激发了进一步的观测测试，包括测量BH质量和低质量端的活动星系核活动，这可以更直接地测试两阶段SMBH的增长。
Observations of massive galaxies at low redshift have revealed approximately linear scaling relations between the mass of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and properties of its host galaxy. How these scaling relations evolve with redshift and whether they extend to lower-mass galaxies, however, remain open questions. Recent galaxy formation simulations predict a delayed, or ‘two-phase,’ growth of SMBHs: slow, highly intermittent BH growth due to repeated gas ejection by stellar feedback in low-mass galaxies, followed by more sustained gas accretion that eventually brings BHs on to the local scaling relations. The predicted two-phase growth implies a steep increase, or ‘kink,’ in BH-galaxy scaling relations at a stellar massM⊙. We develop a parametric, semi-analytic model to compare different SMBH growth models against observations of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) atz∼ 0.5−4. We compare models in which the relation between SMBH mass and galaxy mass is purely linear versus two-phase models. The models are anchored to the observed galaxy stellar mass function, and the BH mass functions at different redshifts are consistently connected by the accretion rates contributing to the QLF. The best fits suggest that two-phase evolution is significantly preferred by the QLF data over a purely linear scaling relation. Moreover, when the model parameters are left free, the two-phase model fits imply a transition mass consistent with that predicted by simulations. Our analysis motivates further observational tests, including measurements of BH masses and active galactic nuclei activity at the low-mass end, which could more directly test two-phase SMBH growth.