Attorney Questions Predict Jury-eligible Adult Assessments of Attorneys, Child Witnesses, and Defendant Guilt.
Attorney Questions Predict Jury-eligible Adult Assessments of Attorneys, Child Witnesses, and Defendant Guilt.
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律师问题预测陪审团对律师、儿童证人和被告有罪的成人评估资格。
DOI：
10.1002/bsl.2214
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Lyon,ThomasD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mugno,AllisonP;Klemfuss,JZoe;Lyon,ThomasD
儿童往往是虐待案件，特别是儿童性虐待案件的主要证据来源，并可能被要求出庭作证。虽然采访儿童的最佳实践方案建议采访者问开放式问题以获得儿童的详细回答，但在法庭作证期间，律师倾向于依赖封闭式问题，这些问题会引起简单的（通常是“是”或“否”）回答（例如，Andrews，Lamb，&里昂，; Klemfuss，Quas，&里昂，）.那么，陪审员如何对儿童的可信度和最终的案件结果做出决定？本研究考察了两个律师特定因素的影响（例如，时间结构和提问阶段）对模拟陪审员对律师表现、儿童证人可信度、故事情节清晰度和被告有罪性的看法。参与者被随机分配阅读八个条件之一的审判摘录，然后被要求评估律师，儿童证人和案件。所选摘录来自刑事法庭案件记录，并包含高级律师的时间结构（例如，时间标记的使用）或低时间结构（例如，经常转换话题），涉及直接或交叉询问，并代表导致定罪或无罪释放的案件。所有摘录中儿童的反应都保持一致。结果表明，参与者认为律师的表现和孩子的可信度更有利，并认为当律师提供高而不是低的时间结构时，以及当摘录包含直接而不是交叉询问时，故事情节更清晰。阅读直接而不是交叉询问摘录的参与者也更有可能认为被告有罪。本研究强调了律师提问风格对模拟陪审员感知的影响。版权所有© 2016约翰威利父子有限公司.
Children are often the primary source of evidence in maltreatment cases, particularly cases of child sexual abuse, and may be asked to testify in court. Although best‐practice protocols for interviewing children suggest that interviewers ask open‐ended questions to elicit detailed responses from children, during in‐court testimony, attorneys tend to rely on closed‐ended questions that elicit simple (often “yes” or “no”) responses (e.g., Andrews, Lamb, & Lyon, ; Klemfuss, Quas, & Lyon, ). How then are jurors making decisions about children's credibility and ultimately the case outcome? The present study examined the effect of two attorney‐specific factors (e.g., temporal structure and questioning phase) on mock jurors' perceptions of attorney performance, child witness credibility, storyline clarity, and defendant guilt. Participants were randomly assigned to read a trial excerpt from one of eight conditions and were then asked to evaluate the attorney, child witness, and the case. Selected excerpts were from criminal court case transcripts and contained either high attorney temporal structure (e.g., use of temporal markers) or low temporal structure (e.g., frequent topic switching), involved direct or cross‐examination, and represented cases resulting in a conviction or acquittal. Child responses were kept consistent across all excerpts. Results showed that participants perceived the attorney's performance and child's credibility more favorably and thought the storyline was clearer when attorneys provided high rather than low temporal structure and when the excerpt contained direct rather than cross‐examination. Participants who read a direct rather than cross‐examination excerpt were also more likely to think the defendant was guilty. The study highlights the impact of attorney questioning style on mock jurors' perceptions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI：
10.1080/13218710802620448
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rachel Zajac;Paul D. Cannan
通讯作者：
Paul D. Cannan
受害人、被告和陪审员性别对儿童性侵犯案件决策的影响1
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jodi A. Quas;Bcette L. Bottoms;Tamara M. Haegerich;Kari L. Nysse
通讯作者：
Kari L. Nysse
模拟性虐待审判中陪审员对儿童受害者证人的看法
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. W. Schmidt;J. Brigham
通讯作者：
J. Brigham
暗示性访谈和间接证据对性虐待案件中儿童可信度的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
V. A. Tubb;J. Wood;H. Hosch
通讯作者：
H. Hosch
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Hanna, Kirsten;Davies, Emma;Henderson, Emily
通讯作者：
Henderson, Emily