Florida red tide and human health: a pilot beach conditions reporting system to minimize human exposure.
Florida red tide and human health: a pilot beach conditions reporting system to minimize human exposure.
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佛罗里达赤潮与人类健康：试点海滩状况报告系统，以尽量减少人类接触。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.032
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kirkpatrick,Gary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kirkpatrick,Barbara;Currier,Robert;Nierenberg,Kate;Reich,Andrew;Backer,LorraineC;Stumpf,Richard;Fleming,Lora;Kirkpatrick,Gary
由于超过50%的美国人口生活在沿海县，海洋和沿海环境对沿海社区有重大影响。虽然许多影响是积极的，如旅游和娱乐机会，但也有负面影响，如接触有害的藻华(赤潮)和水传播的病原体。环境监测和天气预报的最新进展可能使我们能够预测这些潜在的不利影响，从而减轻沿海环境威胁的负面影响。一个需要减轻不利环境影响的例子发生在佛罗里达州的西海岸，那里经历了有毒的甲藻(Karenia Brevis)的年度开花或旺盛生长时期。K.brevis会产生一系列被称为短杆菌毒素的强效神经毒素。风和浪的作用可以分解细胞，释放毒素，然后成为海洋气溶胶或海雾的一部分。气雾剂中的灯盏花毒素会对吸入它的人造成呼吸道刺激。此外，吸入毒素的哮喘患者报告说，上呼吸道和下呼吸道症状增加，肺功能发生可测量的变化。实时报告这些有毒气雾剂的存在或不存在，将使哮喘患者和当地沿海居民能够就其个人暴露做出明智的决定，从而提高他们的生活质量。在佛罗里达州萨拉索塔县和马纳提县设计并实施了一个综合海洋观测系统(IOOS)收集的信息来保护公众健康的系统。该系统是根据八个公众海滩的救生员的实时报告而建立的。救生员定期提供关于海滩上死鱼数量、海滩游人明显的呼吸道刺激程度、水色、风向、冲浪情况以及他们悬挂的海滩警告旗帜的主观报告。观察系统设计中的一个关键组成部分是为救生员提供一条简单的报告途径，以最大限度地减少离开主要职责的时间。具体地说，我们为八个海滩的每一个都配备了个人数码助理。便携式单元允许救生员在他们的警卫塔上报告。这些数据通过无线互联网传输到海岸海洋观测实验室(SOCOL)服务器的沙拉索塔海洋实验室的网站上。事实证明，该系统功能强大，深受公众欢迎。该系统报告了不同海滩的可变性，并向用户提供了重要信息，以最大限度地减少他们接触有毒海洋气雾剂的机会。
With over 50% of the US population living in coastal counties, the ocean and coastal environments have substantial impacts on coastal communities. While many of the impacts are positive, such as tourism and recreation opportunities, there are also negative impacts, such as exposure to harmful algal blooms (HABs) and water borne pathogens. Recent advances in environmental monitoring and weather prediction may allow us to forecast these potential adverse effects and thus mitigate the negative impact from coastal environmental threats. One example of the need to mitigate adverse environmental impacts occurs on Florida's west coast, which experiences annual blooms, or periods of exuberant growth, of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis produces a suite of potent neurotoxins called brevetoxins. Wind and wave action can break up the cells, releasing toxin that can then become part of the marine aerosol or sea spray. Brevetoxins in the aerosol cause respiratory irritation in people who inhale it. In addition, asthmatics who inhale the toxins report increase upper and lower airway symptoms and experience measurable changes in pulmonary function. Real-time reporting of the presence or absence of these toxic aerosols will allow asthmatics and local coastal residents to make informed decisions about their personal exposures, thus adding to their quality of life. A system to protect public health that combines information collected by an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) has been designed and implemented in Sarasota and Manatee Counties, Florida. This system is based on real-time reports from lifeguards at the eight public beaches. The lifeguards provide periodic subjective reports of the amount of dead fish on the beach, apparent level of respiratory irritation among beach-goers, water color, wind direction, surf condition, and the beach warning flag they are flying. A key component in the design of the observing system was an easy reporting pathway for the lifeguards to minimize the amount of time away from their primary duties. Specifically, we provided a Personal Digital Assistant for each of the eight beaches. The portable unit allows the lifeguards to report from their guard tower. The data are transferred via wireless Internet to a website hosted on the Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Operations of the Coastal Ocean Observation Laboratories (SO COOL) server. The system has proven to be robust and well received by the public. The system has reported variability from beach to beach and has provided vital information to users to minimize their exposure to toxic marine aerosols.