Elevated Fecal pH Indicates a Profound Change in the Breastfed Infant Gut Microbiome Due to Reduction of Bifidobacterium over the Past Century.
Elevated Fecal pH Indicates a Profound Change in the Breastfed Infant Gut Microbiome Due to Reduction of Bifidobacterium over the Past Century.
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DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00041-18
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Frese SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henrick BM;Hutton AA;Palumbo MC;Casaburi G;Mitchell RD;Underwood MA;Smilowitz JT;Frese SA
在历史上，双歧杆菌物种被报道在母乳喂养的婴儿肠道中丰富。然而，最近在资源丰富的国家进行的研究表明，被认为是生物失调的标志的类群越来越丰富。在历史上，双歧杆菌物种被报道在母乳喂养的婴儿肠道中丰富。然而，最近在资源丰富的国家进行的研究表明，被认为是生物失调的标志的类群越来越丰富。目前尚不清楚这些差异是遗传、地理因素还是干预措施的结果，如配方奶喂养、抗生素和剖腹产。粪便的酸碱度与双歧杆菌的丰度密切相关；因此，酸碱度可以作为其历史丰度的一个指标。对1926年至2017年发表的14项临床研究进行了回顾，这些研究代表了312多名健康的母乳喂养婴儿，结果显示，粪便pH值从5.0变化到6.5(调整后的R2=0.61)。过去一个世纪婴儿粪便pH值上升的趋势与目前报道的资源丰富国家肠道微生物群中双歧杆菌物种丰度与历史报告中的差异是一致的。我们的分析表明，肠杆菌科、梭菌科、消化链球菌科和韦氏杆菌科成员的粪便pH值和丰度的增加是相关的，这表明高度专门化的双歧杆菌物种的丧失可能导致生态失调，其含义尚未完全阐明。以生态系统生产力、肠道功能和长期健康等关键参数衡量，对恢复这一生态系统的干预措施进行关键评估，对于理解过去一个世纪人类生物学变化的规模是必要的。
Historically, Bifidobacterium species were reported as abundant in the breastfed infant gut. However, recent studies in resource-rich countries show an increased abundance of taxa regarded as signatures of dysbiosis. Historically, Bifidobacterium species were reported as abundant in the breastfed infant gut. However, recent studies in resource-rich countries show an increased abundance of taxa regarded as signatures of dysbiosis. It is unclear whether these differences are the product of genetics, geographic factors, or interventions such as formula feeding, antibiotics, and caesarean section. Fecal pH is strongly associated with Bifidobacterium abundance; thus, pH could be an indicator of its historical abundance. A review of 14 clinical studies published between 1926 and 2017, representing more than 312 healthy breastfed infants, demonstrated a change in fecal pH from 5.0 to 6.5 (adjusted r2 = 0.61). This trend of increasing infant fecal pH over the past century is consistent with current reported discrepancies in Bifidobacterium species abundance in the gut microbiome in resource-rich countries compared to that in historical reports. Our analysis showed that increased fecal pH and abundance of members of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae are associated, indicating that loss of highly specialized Bifidobacterium species may result in dysbiosis, the implications of which are not yet fully elucidated. Critical assessment of interventions that restore this ecosystem, measured by key parameters such as ecosystem productivity, gut function, and long-term health, are necessary to understand the magnitude of this change in human biology over the past century.