The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another('s) Perspective on Executive Dysfunction in Autism
The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another('s) Perspective on Executive Dysfunction in Autism
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DOI：
10.1007/s10803-012-1550-8
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
White, Sarah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
White, Sarah J.
执行功能障碍理论不仅试图解释自闭症的重复行为，而且还试图解释自闭症的社会沟通困难。虽然很明显，一些自闭症患者在某些执行功能任务中表现不佳，但这些障碍背后的原因尚不清楚。最一致和最突出的困难出现在结构开放、缺乏明确指令和涉及任意规则的任务上。我认为，这类任务的障碍不是由于执行功能障碍造成的；相反，糟糕的表现是因为难以形成对实验者对任务的期望的内隐理解，从而导致自我中心和特殊行为。这些从他人角度看待问题的困难，可以用自闭症患者的心理问题来解释，这一点很有说服力。
The executive dysfunction theory attempts to explain not only the repetitive behaviours but also the socio-communicative difficulties in autism. While it is clear that some individuals with autism perform poorly on certain executive function tasks, it remains unclear what underlies these impairments. The most consistent and striking difficulties are seen on tasks that are open-ended in structure, lack explicit instructions and involve arbitrary rules. I propose that impairment on such tasks is not due to executive dysfunction; instead, poor performance results from difficulties forming an implicit understanding of the experimenter's expectations for the task, resulting in egocentric and idiosyncratic behaviour. These difficulties in taking another's perspective may be explained parsimoniously by the mentalising difficulties robustly demonstrated to exist in autism.