Terrestrial–aquatic transitions: Local abundances and movements of mature female caddisflies are related to oviposition habits but not flight capability
Terrestrial–aquatic transitions: Local abundances and movements of mature female caddisflies are related to oviposition habits but not flight capability
复制标题
陆地-水生转变：成熟雌性石蛾的局部丰度和运动与产卵习性有关，但与飞行能力无关
DOI：
10.1111/fwb.13472
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Georgia K. Dwyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Lancaster;B. Downes;Georgia K. Dwyer
水生昆虫成虫的运动行为可以产生不同的空间分布格局。研究成虫数量与远离水体的距离是常见的，可能会援引飞行能力来解释物种差异。相比之下，分布模式沿着河道的描述很差，但同样重要的了解人口动态。纵向模式成人丰富沿着短河长度可能会有所不同，性别和水生和陆生环境之间的不同生命阶段的过渡，即在出现和产卵。飞行能力是不太可能影响纵向模式创建在出现，但可能会影响当地丰富的成熟女性寻求产卵。我们测试的假设如何当地丰富的成熟女性可能会有所不同，根据产卵习惯和飞行能力。我们调查了丰富的成熟女性石蛾在相邻的浅滩池对沿着短河流长度均匀河岸覆盖。我们的调查包括三个家庭（Hydrobiosidae，Leptoceridae，Hydropsychidae），其中包括多种不同的产卵习性和一系列的翅膀大小和形状的9种。有几个物种产卵优先在浅滩。因此，我们测试了通道单位（相邻的浅滩池对）之间的女性丰度的差异。我们还测试了女性是否达到更高的丰度在某些地方沿着通道比其他人（即在更大的空间尺度，无论通道单元），这意味着运动沿着通道和聚集在某些位置。机翼形态被用来作为飞行能力的代理措施，包括翼展，面积，展弦比和机翼面积的二阶矩的措施。三个明显不同的分布模式的成熟女性石蛾。三个物种的丰度仅在较大的尺度上变化（多通道单元）。6种产卵优先在浅滩有较高的女性丰度浅滩比池，但只有一个丰度也在较大的尺度上变化。这些不同的模式和措施之间没有关联的翅膀形态，删除后的指标，相关的，不同的分类家庭之间的系统。然而，我们不能拒绝这样的假设，即飞行行为的某些方面可能有助于观察到的模式。我们观察到的成熟女性石蛾的多样性，但不同的分布沿着短通道长度是新颖的，并建议物种不同的运动倾向沿着流，这可能会产生后果的卵和青少年在水生环境中的局部密度。在水生昆虫中，很少研究种群大小在陆地到水生过渡中的耦合程度，这可能会为种群内空间变异的来源提供新的见解。同样，对水生昆虫飞行（包括特定年龄和性别的现象）的研究采用更细致的方法，可能会更深入地了解不同的生态功能和运动的后果。
Movement behaviours of adult aquatic insects can produce distinct spatial distribution patterns. Studies of adult abundance with distance away from water bodies are common and may invoke flight capability to explain species differences. In contrast, distribution patterns along river channels are poorly described, but are no less important for understanding population dynamics. Longitudinal patterns in adult abundance along short river lengths may differ between sexes and at different life stage transitions between aquatic and terrestrial environments, i.e. at emergence and oviposition. Flight capability is unlikely to influence longitudinal patterns created at emergence, but may influence local abundances of mature females seeking to lay eggs. We tested hypotheses about how local abundances of mature females might differ according to oviposition habits and flight capability. We surveyed abundances of mature female caddisflies at adjacent riffle–pool pairs along short river lengths with homogeneous riparian cover. Our survey included nine species in three families (Hydrobiosidae, Leptoceridae, Hydropsychidae), which encompassed multiple different oviposition habits and a range of wing sizes and shapes. Several of the species oviposit preferentially in riffles. Accordingly, we tested for differences in female abundance between channel units (adjacent riffle–pool pairs). We also tested whether females attained higher abundances in some places along channels than others (i.e. over larger spatial scales and regardless of channel unit) which imply movements along the channel and aggregation in some locations. Wing morphology was used as a proxy measure of flight capability and included measures of wing span, area, aspect ratio and the second moment of wing area. Three distinctly different distribution patterns of mature female caddisflies were identified. The abundance of three species varied over larger scales only (multiple channel units). Six species that oviposit preferentially in riffles had higher female abundances at riffles than pools, but for only one did abundances also vary over larger scales. There was no association between these different patterns and measures of wing morphology, after removing metrics that were correlated and that differed systematically between taxonomic families. However, we could not reject the hypothesis that some aspect of flight behaviour may have contributed to observed patterns. The diverse but distinct distributions of mature female caddisflies we observed along short channel lengths are novel and suggest that species differ in their propensity for movement along streams, which could have consequences for local densities of eggs and juveniles in the aquatic environment. The degree to which population sizes are coupled across the terrestrial‐to‐aquatic transition is rarely investigated in aquatic insects and may provide fresh insight into sources of spatial variation within populations. Similarly, a more nuanced approach to research on the flight of aquatic insects, including age‐ and sex‐specific phenomena, may provide greater insight into the diverse ecological functions and consequences of movement.