Differential Measurement Method for Atmospheric Refraction and the Results of Experimental Observations
Differential Measurement Method for Atmospheric Refraction and the Results of Experimental Observations
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Y. Yu;Z. Qi;Y. Mao;Z. Tang;M. Zhao
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作者：
Y. Yu;Z. Qi;Y. Mao;Z. Tang;M. Zhao
由于大气折射的影响，观测到海拔低于15°的天体很少。但为了完整地进行大气折射的理论研究，即使是接近0°的高度，也有必要观测这样的天体。特别是在一些特殊情况下，需要观测一些低海拔的天体。提出了一种新的大气折射的差分测量方法。从天顶开始，用大视场的望远镜观测不同高度的一系列星场，计算不同天顶距离处的各阶导数，最后通过数值积分得到观测的大气折射。该方法不依赖于严格的局域参数和精密仪器，观测原理相对简单。2007年底，在国家天文台兴隆站利用简易大视场望远镜进行了实验观测。采用差分法得到天顶距44.8°到87.5°的折射，初步证明了该方法的可行性。由于观测条件限制，结果精度不高，最大偶然误差约为6角秒，并且存在一定的系统误差。在天顶距84°处，观测大气折射与普尔科沃表相差约15角秒。如何消除集成模型的误差引入的累积误差是未来需要解决的关键问题。
Because of the effect of the atmospheric refraction,it is seldom to observe objects with altitude lower than 15 degree.But for the complete theoretical research of the atmospheric refraction,it is necessary to observe such objects,even with altitude close to 0 degree.Especially in some special situation,some objects with low altitude need to be observed.A new differential method is presented to measure the atmospheric refraction. Starting with the zenith,a series of star fields at different altitude are observed by a telescope with larger field of view,the derivatives of various orders are calculated at different zenith distances,and finally the observational atmospheric refraction can be obtained by numerical integration.The method does not depend on strict local parameters and precise instruments,while the observational principle is relatively simple.An experimental observation was carried out with a simple telescope with large field of view at Xinglong station of NAOC at the end of 2007.The atmospheric refraction from the zenith distance of 44.8 degree to 87.5 degree is gotten by the differential method,which proves the feasibility of the method tentatively.Limited by the observation condition,the precision of the result is not high.The maximal accidental error is about 6 arc second,and there is also some systematic error.The difference between the observation atmospheric refraction and Pulkovo table is about 15 arc second at the zenith distance of 84 degree.How to eliminate the accumulated errors introduced by the errors of the integration model is the key problem that needs solving in the future.