Real-world implementation and cost of a cloud-based MPC retrofit for HVAC control systems in commercial buildings
Real-world implementation and cost of a cloud-based MPC retrofit for HVAC control systems in commercial buildings
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112269
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发表时间：
2022-07-04
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Shah, Nilay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bird, Max;Daveau, Camille;Shah, Nilay
许多企业正在寻找方法来改善其建筑物的能源和碳使用，特别是通过加强数据收集和控制计划。在此背景下，本文提出了一个案例研究的食品零售建筑在英国，详细介绍了设计，安装和成本的一个通用模型预测控制（MPC）框架的供暖，通风和空调（HVAC）系统。提出了收集相关数据的硬件/软件解决方案以及MPC方案的制定。通过利用基于云的微服务，这种方法可以应用于所有现代建筑管理系统，只需很少的前期资金，每月的持续成本低至6.39美元/月。MPC方案计算每个空气处理机组（AHU）所需的最佳温度设定值，以最大限度地减少其总成本或碳用量，同时确保居住者的热舒适度。然后，使用建筑物热行为的模拟将其性能与现有的传统控制器进行比较。当模拟两个月时，MPC方法表现更好，并以更低的总成本实现了相同的热舒适性。经济优化节省了650千瓦时的能源，相关成本节省了240美元（与基线相比提高了1.7%），而碳优化由于建筑无法将供暖转移到低碳时期而节省的二氧化碳可以忽略不计。这项研究的结果表明，通过MPC策略改善建筑性能的潜力，但影响的程度将取决于具体的建筑属性。(C)2022作者由爱思唯尔公司出版
Many businesses are looking for ways to improve the energy and carbon usage of their buildings, partic-ularly through enhanced data collection and control schemes. In this context, this paper presents a case study of a food-retail building in the UK, detailing the design, installation and cost of a generalisable model predictive control (MPC) framework for its Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) sys-tem. The hardware/software solution to collect relevant data, as well as the formulation of the MPC scheme, is presented. By utilising cloud-based microservices, this approach can be applied to all modern building management systems with little upfront capital, and an ongoing monthly cost as low as $6.39/ -month. The MPC scheme calculates the optimal temperature setpoint required for each Air-Handling Unit (AHU) to minimise its overall cost or carbon usage, while ensuring thermal comfort of occupants. Its per-formance is then compared to the existing legacy controller using a simulation of the building's thermal behaviour. When simulated across two months the MPC approach performed better and achieved the same thermal comfort for a lower overall cost. The economic optimisation resulted in an energy saving of 650 kWh, with an associated cost savings of $240 (an improvement of 1.7% compared to the baseline), while the carbon optimisation gave negligible CO2 savings due to the inability of the building to shift heating to low-carbon periods. Findings from this study indicate the potential for improving building per-formance via MPC strategies, however the level of impact will depend on specific building attributes. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.