Phenology and ecology of color in bird-dispersed fruits, or why some fruits are red when they are "green"
Phenology and ecology of color in bird-dispersed fruits, or why some fruits are red when they are "green"
复制标题
鸟类传播的水果颜色的物候学和生态学，或者为什么有些水果在“绿色”时却是红色的
作者：
M. Willson;J. Thompson
几个假设的颜色在北美鸟类分散的水果生态学提出和测试。(1)我们预测，但未能证实，大小和果实展示的色彩之间的反比关系。大的水果比小的水果更常是双色的。红色的单色果实在草本植物中相对常见，但我们不能说红色是否比蓝色或黑色对鸟类更“显眼”，也不能说草本植物在果实中是否比灌木或树木相对不那么显眼。(2)炫耀性的展示在鸟类食果动物数量较少时结果实的植物中最为常见。这一假设是强烈支持的物候期的时间双色显示器，这是通常在夏季流入的秋季移民。来自形态学上的双色显示器的数据不那么明确。时间bicolored显示器可能会增加水果传播，特别是幼鸟和（或）减少显着的无脊椎动物捕食者，以及增加。
Several hypotheses regarding the ecology of color in bird-dispersed fruits in North America are presented and tested. (1) We predicted, but failed to substantiate, an inverse relationship between size and colorfulness of fruiting display. Large fruit crops are more often bicolored than small ones. Red monochrome fruits are relatively common in herbs, but we cannot say if red is more "conspicuous" to birds than blue or black nor if herbs are relatively less conspicuous, when in fruit, than shrubs or trees. (2) Conspicuous displays are most common in plants that fruit at times when avian frugivore abundance is low. This hypothesis is supported strongly by the phenologies of temporally bicolored displays, which are produced commonly in summer before the influx of fall migrants. Data from morphologically bicolored displays are less clear-cut. Temporally bicolored displays may increase fruit dispersal particularly by juvenile birds and (or) decrease conspicuousness to invertebrate predators, as well as increas...