Measurement of the electron charge by a vacuum diode
Measurement of the electron charge by a vacuum diode
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通过真空二极管测量电子电荷
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Štubňa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Lacsný;I. Štubňa
电子电荷的测量是适合高中和本科物理课程的实验作业。我们使用了两个真空电子管：（a）具有间接加热阴极的双整流现代二极管和（b）具有直接加热阴极和热电偶的专门制备的双二极管。阴极和阳极之间存在小的延迟电势，这使得有机会假设发射电子的速度的麦克斯韦分布以测量电子电荷。这种测量的电气方案很简单，可以使用常见的电子设备。如果使用光学高温计在普通商用双二极管真空管上测量，我们获得电子电荷值 (1.491 ± 0.036) × 10−19 C；如果使用热电偶在专门准备的双二极管真空管上测量，我们获得 (1.611 ± 0074) × 10−19 C 以确定阴极温度。获得的电子电荷值与当前接受的值 e = 1.6021766208(98) × 10−19 C 相差 0.11 × 10−19 C 和 0.01 × 10−19 C。
The measurement of the electron charge is a suitable experimental assignment for high-school and undergraduate courses of physics. We used two vacuum electron-tubes: (a) a double rectifying modern diode with an indirectly heated cathode and (b) a specially prepared double diode with a directly heated cathode and thermocouple. There was a small retarding potential between the cathode and anode, which gave an opportunity to assume Maxwell’s distribution of the velocities of the emitted electrons for the measurement of the electron charge. The electrical scheme for this measurement is simple and common electronic devices can be used. We obtained the value for the electron charge (1.491 ± 0.036) × 10−19 C if measured on the common commercial double diode vacuum-tube with the use of an optical pyrometer and (1.611 ± 0074) × 10−19 C if measured on the specially prepared double diode vacuum-tube using a thermocouple to determine the cathode temperature. The obtained values of the electron charge differs 0.11 × 10−19 C and 0.01 × 10−19 C from the currently accepted value e = 1.6021766208(98) × 10−19 C.