Out of China: Distribution history of Ginkgo biloba L.
Out of China: Distribution history of Ginkgo biloba L.
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DOI：
10.1002/tax.592014
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Koch, Marcus A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao, Yunpeng;Paule, Juraj;Koch, Marcus A.
银杏是最神秘的植物物种之一，几个世纪以来一直吸引着科学家和公众的兴趣。然而，我们对其进化历史和全球分布的了解有限。在此，我们将之前使用 cpDNA 和 AFLP 对中国银杏分布范围进行系统发育地理学分析的证据与来自韩国、日本、欧洲和北美的早期引入的旧数据的新数据相结合，旨在揭开该物种早期人类介导的引入历史。我们提供的证据表明，银杏叶在过去两千年中通过不同的路线从中国到达日本，最有可能是通过人类介导的传播。根据 AFLP 数据，最初引入欧洲和北美的所有个体（例如 1720 年代由 Kaempfer 在欧洲引入的个体）在基因上都与其中一个韩国品种相似，这引发了 Kaempfer 原始材料来源有效性的问题，据说该材料是在 18 世纪初从日本带到欧洲的。与异型交配系统一起多次引入韩国和日本，保持了高水平的基因多样性；对于欧洲和北美的树木来说也是如此。此外，中国更新世原始保护区以外的树木，由于其基因库相对较小，AFLP片段数量减少，并且没有专属等位基因。
Gingko biloba L. is one of the most mysterious plant species, which continues to attract the interest of scientists and the public since many centuries. However, our knowledge of its evolutionary history and worldwide distribution is limited. Herein we are combining evidence from a previous phylogeographic analysis of Ginkgo biloba's range in China using cpDNA and AFLPs with new data from old, early introduced in Korea, Japan, Europe and Northern America with the aim to unravel the early human-mediated introduction history of this species. We provide evidence that Ginkgo biloba reached Japan via different routes from China during the last two millennia most likely by human-mediated dispersal. Based on AFLP data, all individuals originally introduced to Europe and North America (e.g., by Kaempfer in Europe in the 1720s) are genetically similar to one of the Korean accessions raising, the question of the validity of the origin of Kaempfer's original material, which was said to be brought from Japan to Europe in the early 18th century. Multiple introduction into Korea and Japan in concert with an out-crossing mating system has maintained high levels of gene diversity; this is also true for the European and North American trees. In addition, the trees outside the original Chinese Pleistocene refugia, due to their relatively small gene-pool, have a reduced number of AFLP fragments and no exclusive alleles.