High-resolution atmospheric inversion of urban CO2 emissions during the dormant season of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)
High-resolution atmospheric inversion of urban CO2 emissions during the dormant season of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)
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DOI：
10.1002/2015jd024473
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发表时间：
2016-05-27
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wu, Kai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lauvaux, Thomas;Miles, Natasha L.;Wu, Kai
基于连续测量大气温室气体(GHGs)浓度的独特密度的地面塔网络，我们开发了第一个高分辨率的印第安纳波利斯市二氧化碳排放综合监测系统。在2012-2013年休眠季节评估的城市倒置显示，与最先进的建筑水平排放产品赫斯蒂亚二氧化碳排放估计相比，城市倒置在统计上显著增加了约20%(从4.5 MTC+/-0.23 MTC)。先前排放误差中的空间结构似乎对逆解中的空间格局和整个区域的总碳收支产生了高达15%的影响，而逆解对二氧化碳边界流入和不同的先前排放(即ODIAC)仍然相当不敏感。在地表排放优化之前，我们使用气象数据同化系统改进了大气模拟，并通过更新的观测误差方差通知我们的贝叶斯反演系统。最后，我们使用一组反演估计了与待定参数相关的不确定性。基于总体平均值和四分位数的总二氧化碳排放量(5.26-5.91MTC)与之前的总排放量(4.1-4.5MTC)相比有统计学差异。考虑到对不同参数的敏感性相对较小，我们得出结论，假设有足够的数据来测量城市上空的温室气体流入，大气逆温可能能够限制城市的碳收支，但需要关于先前排放误差结构的额外信息来确定高分辨率的城市排放的空间结构。
Based on a uniquely dense network of surface towers measuring continuously the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), we developed the first comprehensive monitoring systems of CO2 emissions at high resolution over the city of Indianapolis. The urban inversion evaluated over the 2012-2013 dormant season showed a statistically significant increase of about 20% (from 4.5 to 5.7 MtC +/- 0.23 MtC) compared to the Hestia CO2 emission estimate, a state-of-the-art building-level emission product. Spatial structures in prior emission errors, mostly undetermined, appeared to affect the spatial pattern in the inverse solution and the total carbon budget over the entire area by up to 15%, while the inverse solution remains fairly insensitive to the CO2 boundary inflow and to the different prior emissions (i.e., ODIAC). Preceding the surface emission optimization, we improved the atmospheric simulations using a meteorological data assimilation system also informing our Bayesian inversion system through updated observations error variances. Finally, we estimated the uncertainties associated with undetermined parameters using an ensemble of inversions. The total CO2 emissions based on the ensemble mean and quartiles (5.26-5.91 MtC) were statistically different compared to the prior total emissions (4.1 to 4.5 MtC). Considering the relatively small sensitivity to the different parameters, we conclude that atmospheric inversions are potentially able to constrain the carbon budget of the city, assuming sufficient data to measure the inflow of GHG over the city, but additional information on prior emission error structures are required to determine the spatial structures of urban emissions at high resolution.