Examining ground and surface water changes in response to environmental variables, land use dynamics, and socioeconomic changes in Canada.
Examining ground and surface water changes in response to environmental variables, land use dynamics, and socioeconomic changes in Canada.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115875
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Yuanhui Zhu;S. Myint;D. Schaffer-Smith;D. Sauchyn;Xiaoyong Xu;J. Piwowar;Yubin Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuanhui Zhu;S. Myint;D. Schaffer-Smith;D. Sauchyn;Xiaoyong Xu;J. Piwowar;Yubin Li
加拿大丰富优质的水资源支撑着不断增长的人口以及蓬勃发展的工农业经济。然而，最近的严重干旱引发了人们对当前水资源可用性的担忧。在这个幅员辽阔、多元化的国家，地下水和地表水 (GSW) 的长期变化模式及其对环境条件、土地利用动态和社会经济变化的响应尚未得到充分了解。为了解决这一关键差距，我们根据重力恢复和气候实验 (GRACE) 和全球土地数据同化系统 (GLDAS) 数据集确定了 2002 年至 2016 年间加拿大所有省份地下水和地表水 (GSW) 的变化区域。我们探讨了随时间推移的 GSW 变化与环境、社会经济和土地利用动态之间的关系。我们发现加拿大所有省份每年净增加 4.46 毫米液态水当量 (LWE)，相当于总共增加 66.9 毫米 LWE。 GSW 的增加与归一化差异植被指数和蒸散率显着相关。相比之下，GSW 下降与森林砍伐率、城市扩张和经济发展（家庭收入中位数）显着相关。尽管从 2002 年到 2016 年，干旱后出现了明显的大范围恢复，但加拿大西部几乎所有地区和安大略省部分地区的 GSW 也出现了快速下降，净损失达 66.13 毫米。这表明明显的干旱已经出现。预计在持续的气候变化和水资源需求增加的情况下，加拿大将经历更加频繁和严重的干旱。
Canada's abundant and high-quality water resources support a growing human population, as well as thriving industrial and agricultural economies. However, recent intense drought conditions have raised concerns for current water resource availability. Patterns of long-term ground and surface water (GSW) changes, and their response to environmental conditions, land-use dynamics, and socioeconomic changes are not well-understood across this large and diverse country. To address this crucial gap, we identified regions of ground and surface water (GSW) changes in all the Provinces of Canada between 2002 and 2016 from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets. We explored the relationships between GSW changes and environmental, socioeconomic, and land-use dynamics over time. We found that all the Provinces of Canada gained a net 4.46 mm Liquid Water Equivalent (LWE) per year, equivalent to a total increase of 66.9 mm LWE. GSW increases were significantly associated with the normalized difference vegetation index and evapotranspiration rates. In contrast, GSW declines were significantly related to deforestation rate, urban expansion, and economic development (median household income). Despite apparent widespread post-drought recovery detected from 2002 to 2016, the rapid GSW declines were also observed in almost all of Western Canada and part of Ontario, amounting to a net loss of 66.13 mm. This indicates that a pronounced drought had emerged. It is anticipated that Canada will be experiencing more frequent and severe droughts under ongoing climate change and increasing demand for water resources.