On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments
On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments
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DOI：
10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601410
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发表时间：
2002-07
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
J. Teng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Teng
在这篇文章中，我通过考虑单价和单位成本之间的差异来修改戈亚尔的模型。然后，我为该问题建立了一个简单的分析封闭式解决方案。这里获得的理论结果揭示了以下两种管理现象。 （1）在某些情况下，在允许的延迟付款条件下，经济补货间隔和订单数量会减少，这与戈亚尔的结论相矛盾。对于一些客户来说，减少订购数量（或缩短补货时间间隔）并更频繁地利用允许的延迟带来的好处具有经济意义。 (2) 如果供应商想要减少其大量库存，则应在信用期到期后对其客户的未付款项收取过高的利率。因此，他/她的客户将订购比传统经济订单数量更多的数量。事实上，这两种管理现象已经在信用卡的使用决策中得到了体现。例如，大多数信用卡公司为持卡人提供25天的宽限期，并对逾期金额收取18%~20%的利息（即第二种现象）。然而，对于信誉良好的信用卡持卡人来说，他/她会不断享受25天宽限期的好处，但不会因超出限额而面临过高的财务费用（即第一种现象）。
In this note, I amend Goyal's model by considering the difference between unit price and unit cost. I then establish an easy analytical closed-form solution to the problem. The theoretical results obtained here reveal the following two managerial phenomena. (1) In certain cases, the economic replenishment interval and order quantity decreases under the permissible delay in payments, which contradicts to Goyal's conclusion. It makes economic sense for some customers to order less quantity (or shorten the replenishment time interval) and to take the benefits of the permissible delay more frequently. (2) If a supplier wants to reduce his/her large level of inventory, then he/she should charge an excessive interest rate on his/her customer's outstanding amount after the credit term expires. Consequently, his/her customers will order to buy more quantity than the classical economic order quantity. As a matter of fact, these two managerial phenomena have been demonstrated in the decision making of using credit cards. For example, most credit card companies provide card holders 25 days of grace period, and charge 18–20% interest on the amount past due (ie, the second phenomenon). However, for a well-established credit card holder, he/she will take the benefit of 25 days of grace period constantly, but will not spend over his/her limit and face an excessive finance charge (ie, the first phenomenon).