A Diverse Paleobiota in Early Eocene Fushun Amber from China
A Diverse Paleobiota in Early Eocene Fushun Amber from China
复制标题
中国早始新世抚顺琥珀中的多样化古生物群
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.048
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发表时间：
2014-07-21
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Zhang, Haichun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang, Bo;Rust, Jes;Zhang, Haichun
古近系节肢动物已被证明对追踪气候变暖和地球动力学事件驱动的动物更替和洲际动物交换具有重要意义[1-5]。尽管在欧洲和北美发现了大量的古近系节肢动物化石[5-8]，但对典型的亚洲节肢动物生物群（起源于月牙）知之甚少。本文报道了抚顺下始新世一个独特的琥珀生物群（距今5000万~ 5300万年前），填补了欧亚大陆生物地理的空白。通过气相色谱-质谱联用、红外光谱和古植物学观察等方法确定抚顺琥珀来源于柏科树木。到目前为止，已经报道了22目80多个科的节肢动物，使其成为最多样化的琥珀生物群之一。我们的研究结果表明，至少在始新世早期气候适宜时期，生态关键昆虫（包括真社会性、植食性和寄生性谱系）发生了明显的辐射。一些昆虫类群在系统发育上与同时期欧洲琥珀类群有密切的亲缘关系，表明早古近纪欧亚大陆东西边缘之间存在生物交换。
Paleogene arthropod biotas have proved important for tracing the faunal turnover and intercontinental faunal interchange driven by climatic warming and geodynamic events [1-5]. Despite the large number of Paleogene fossil arthropods in Europe and North America [5-8], little is known about the typical Asian (Laurasia-originated) arthropod biota. Here, we report a unique amber biota (50-53 million years ago) from the Lower Eocene of Fushun in northeastern China, which fills a large biogeographic gap in Eurasia. Fushun amber is derived from cupressaceous trees, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and paleobotanical observations. Twenty-two orders and more than 80 families of arthropods have been reported so far, making it among the most diverse amber biotas. Our results reveal that an apparent radiation of ecological keystone insects, including eusocial, phytophagous, and parasitoid lineages, occurred at least during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. Some insect taxa have close phylogenetic affinities to those from coeval European ambers, showing a biotic interchange between the eastern and western margins of the Eurasian landmass during the Early Paleogene.