Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know
Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know
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DOI：
10.1097/icu.0b013e3283360b7e
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Joslin, Charlotte E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vajaranant, Thasarat S.;Nayak, Sushma;Joslin, Charlotte E.
随着全球人口老龄化和青光眼和青光眼失明病例的增加，老年人青光眼和青光眼失明的风险尤其高。意识到性别差异可能会增加对高危人群的关注。最近的研究发现女性不仅比男性寿命长，而且青光眼患者的数量也超过了男性。女性患闭角型青光眼的风险较高，但对开角型青光眼没有明确的性别倾向。有趣的是，有证据表明女性性激素可能对视神经有保护作用。此外，有假设认为雌激素暴露减少与开角型青光眼风险增加有关，但基于人群的研究结果不一致。目前，没有足够的证据支持激素替代疗法在青光眼预防中的应用。此外，由于寿命长和社会经济/健康观念上的劣势，妇女患青光眼的负担似乎更重。目前的证据表明，老年妇女有青光眼和青光眼失明的风险。由专门研究青光眼、妇女健康和健康差异的调查人员进行进一步的跨学科研究，将有助于更好地了解青光眼中的性别健康差异，并更好地针对高危人群。
Purpose of reviewWith growing aging populations and an increase in cases of glaucoma and glaucoma blindness worldwide, aging populations are particularly at higher risk of glaucoma and glaucoma blindness. Awareness of the gender differences might increase attention toward populations at risk.Recent findingsWomen not only outlive men, but also outnumber men in glaucoma cases worldwide. Women are at higher risks for angle closure glaucoma, but there is no clear gender predilection for open angle glaucoma. Of interest, there is some evidence suggesting that female sex hormones might be protective of the optic nerve. In addition, it is hypothesized that decreased estrogen exposure is associated with increased risk for open angle glaucoma, yet population-based studies present inconsistent results. Presently, there is insufficient evidence to support hormonal replacement therapy use in glaucoma prevention. In addition, it appears that women carry a larger burden of glaucoma blindness due to longevity and disadvantages in socioeconomic/health beliefs.SummaryCurrent evidence suggests that older women are at risk for glaucoma and glaucoma blindness. Further interdisciplinary research involving investigators, specialized in glaucoma, women's health and health disparities, will lead to better understanding of gender health disparities in glaucoma and better targeting populations at risk.