Storytelling, statistics and hereditary thought: the narrative support of early statistics.
Storytelling, statistics and hereditary thought: the narrative support of early statistics.
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讲故事、统计和遗传思想：早期统计的叙事支持。
DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.12.003
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. López
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. López
这篇论文的主要论点是，科学中一些基本的方法论发展，显然是遥远的和不相关的，可以被视为一个连续故事的一部分。聚焦于一般的推理和认识论问题，本文通过形式和表征问题而不是社会或学科联系，将时间和空间分开的事件联系起来。它侧重于医学和生物学背景下几种认知实践的几个有限方面，这些实践被地理、学科和几十年分开，但通过长期的跨学科代表性和推理结构和约束联系在一起。本文旨在表明，基于组织统计经验数据的一组给定的知识主张可以被看作是由先前更熟悉的，可能更自然的，对类似证据的叙述处理所支持的。为了实现这一目标，本文从18世纪末和19世纪初的法国医学转向19世纪下半叶的英国绅士博物学家，遵循其主题：从对身体特征遗传遗传的叙述描述转向对同一现象的后向统计表达。一些早期的辩护者认为遗传在理解生命中是一个重要的（如果不是最重要的）因果关系，他们采用了单一的叙述，以医学和自然历史传统的案例故事的形式，充实了遗传特有的一种特殊的因果关系。这项工作试图从历史上重建推动这种叙事使用的基本原理。然后，它表明，当这个基本原理在方法上受到挑战时，它的基本叙述和概率基础被转移到取代它们的统计量化工具上。
This paper’s main contention is that some basically methodological developments in science which are apparently distant and unrelated can be seen as part of a sequential story. Focusing on general inferential and epistemological matters, the paper links occurrences separated by both in time and space, by formal and representational issues rather than social or disciplinary links. It focuses on a few limited aspects of several cognitive practices in medical and biological contexts separated by geography, disciplines and decades, but connected by long term transdisciplinary representational and inferential structures and constraints. The paper intends to show a given set of knowledge claims based on organizing statistically empirical data can be seen to have been underpinned by a previous, more familiar, and probably more natural, narrative handling of similar evidence. To achieve that this paper moves from medicine in France in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century to the second half of the nineteenth century in England among gentleman naturalists, following its subject: the shift from narrative depiction of hereditary transmission of physical peculiarities to posterior statistical articulations of the same phenomena. Some early defenders of heredity as an important (if not the most important) causal presence in the understanding of life adopted singular narratives, in the form of case stories from medical and natural history traditions, to flesh out a special kind of causality peculiar to heredity. This work tries to reconstruct historically the rationale that drove the use of such narratives. It then shows that when this rationale was methodologically challenged, its basic narrative and probabilistic underpinings were transferred to the statistical quantificational tools that took their place.