Increasing atmospheric helium due to fossil fuel exploitation
Increasing atmospheric helium due to fossil fuel exploitation
复制标题
由于化石燃料的开采,大气中的氦气不断增加
DOI:
10.1038/s41561-022-00932-3
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Keeling, Ralph F.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Birner, Benjamin;Severinghaus, Jeffrey;Paplawsky, Bill;Keeling, Ralph F.
Fossil fuels contain small amounts of helium, which are co-released into the atmosphere together with carbon dioxide. However, a clear build-up of helium in the atmosphere has not previously been detected. Using a high-precision mass spectrometry technique to determine the atmospheric ratio of helium-4 to nitrogen, we show that helium-4 concentrations have increased significantly over the past five decades. Obtaining a direct measure of the rise in atmospheric helium-4 is possible because changes in nitrogen are negligible. Using 46 air samples acquired between 1974 and 2020, we find that the helium-4 concentration increased at an average rate of 39 ± 3 billion mol per year (2σ). Given that previous observations have shown that the ratio between helium-3 and helium-4 in the atmosphere has remained constant, our results also imply that the concentration of helium-3 is increasing. The inferred rise in atmospheric helium-3 greatly exceeds estimates of anthropogenic emissions from natural gas, nuclear weapons and nuclear power generation, suggesting potential problems with previous isotope measurements or an incorrect assessment of known sources.
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