High pathogenicity avian influenza (H5N1) in Northern Gannets: Global spread, clinical signs, and demographic consequences
High pathogenicity avian influenza (H5N1) in Northern Gannets: Global spread, clinical signs, and demographic consequences
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北部塘鹅的高致病性禽流感（H5N1）：全球传播、临床症状和人口统计后果
DOI：
10.1101/2023.05.01.538918
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lane J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lane J
在2021年和2022年期间，高致病性禽流感(HPAI)导致欧洲和北美数千只野鸟死亡，这表明感染动态发生了变化，并转向了新的宿主，包括海鸟。北甘乃斯桑蚕似乎受到了特别严重的影响，但需要对现有数据进行详细说明，以帮助了解HPAI病毒(HPAIV)如何在元人口中传播，以及随之而来的人口统计学后果。因此，我们分析了大多数北大西洋Gannet群体中确诊和疑似HPAIV爆发的信息，并针对最大的群体(Bass Rock，UK)，提供了对种群规模、繁殖成功的影响，以及对表观成虫存活率和血清学的初步结果。2022年4月，在冰岛的蜂群中首次发现了数量异常多的死亡鹅群。5月份疫情在许多苏格兰殖民地爆发，紧随其后的是加拿大、德国和挪威的殖民地。到6月底，加拿大和英吉利海峡的殖民地出现了疫情。英国和爱尔兰的12个殖民地的疫情似乎遵循顺时针模式，最后一个感染殖民地记录在8月下旬/9月。有40个殖民地(占全球总数的75%)记录了异常高的死亡率。对HPAIV H5N1检测呈阳性的死禽与这些群体中的58%有关。在Bass Rock，占据巢穴的数量至少减少了71%，与英国长期平均水平相比，繁殖成功率下降了约66%，而且标记个体的重新审视表明，2021年至2022年之间的表观成虫存活率可能大大低于之前10年的平均水平。血清学调查在看似健康的禽类中检测到H5特异性抗体，表明一些鹅从HPAIV感染中恢复。此外，这些被发现的鸟类中的大多数都有黑色的虹膜，这表明这是以前感染的表型指标。将HPAIV感染的影响与海鸟面临的其他挑战分开，是为受威胁的海鸟种群制定有效的保护战略的关键，因为由于栖息地丧失的增加和家禽生产的工业化，进一步发生家禽流行性疾病的可能性增加。
During 2021 and 2022 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) killed thousands of wild birds across Europe and North America, suggesting a change in infection dynamics and a shift to new hosts, including seabirds. Northern GannetsMorus bassanusappeared to be especially severely impacted, but a detailed account of the data available is required to help understand how the HPAI virus (HPAIV) spread across the meta‐population, and the ensuing demographic consequences. Accordingly, we analyse information on confirmed and suspected HPAIV outbreaks across most North Atlantic Gannet colonies and, for the largest colony (Bass Rock, UK), provide impacts on population size, breeding success, and preliminary results on apparent adult survival and serology. Unusually high numbers of dead Gannets were first noted at colonies in Iceland during April 2022. Outbreaks in May occurred in many Scottish colonies, followed by colonies in Canada, Germany and Norway. By the end of June, outbreaks had occurred in colonies in Canada and the English Channel. Outbreaks in 12 UK and Ireland colonies appeared to follow a clockwise pattern with the last infected colonies recorded in late August/September. Unusually high mortality was recorded at 40 colonies (75% of global total colonies). Dead birds testing positive for HPAIV H5N1 were associated with 58% of these colonies. At Bass Rock, the number of occupied nest‐sites decreased by at least 71%, breeding success declined by c. 66% compared with the long‐term UK mean and the resighting of marked individuals suggested that apparent adult survival between 2021 and 2022 could have been substantially lower than the preceding 10‐year average. Serological investigation detected antibodies specific to H5 in apparently healthy birds, indicating that some Gannets recover from HPAIV infection. Further, most of these recovered birds had black irises, suggestive of a phenotypic indicator of previous infection. Untangling the impacts of HPAIV infection from other challenges faced by seabirds is key to establishing effective conservation strategies for threatened seabird populations as the likelihood of further epizootics increases, due to increasing habitat loss and the industrialization of poultry production.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
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2007
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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