To Have and to Hold: Marrying and Its Documentation in Western Christendom, 4001600. Edited by Philip L. Reynolds and John Witte, Jr. (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2007) 536 pp. $75.00
To Have and to Hold: Marrying and Its Documentation in Western Christendom, 4001600. Edited by Philip L. Reynolds and John Witte, Jr. (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2007) 536 pp. $75.00
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《拥有和持有：西方基督教世界的婚姻及其文献》，4001600。Philip L. Reynolds 和 John Witte, Jr. 编辑（纽约，剑桥大学出版社，2007 年）536 页，75.00 美元
DOI：
10.1162/jinh.2008.39.2.259
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Joanna H. Drell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joanna H. Drell
在本卷中，《福布斯》对一个古老的主题提出了新的视角。美国人在欧洲的早期存在和影响。 《福布斯》援引海洋学、遗传学、植物学和考古学以及大量文献资料的数据，认为美国人早在哥伦布航行到新大陆之前就到达了欧洲。 《福布斯》合理地论证了从九世纪和十世纪开始美国在斯堪的纳维亚半岛和欧洲的重要存在，但他最令人信服的是他对北美和南美人、因纽特人和美国“俘虏”（其中一些是被奴役的非洲人或其后裔）从十五世纪到十六世纪在欧洲的存在的讨论。他的主要目标是颂扬“这些美国人的技巧、勇气和冒险精神”(4)。《福布斯》首先用一章概述了哥伦布对新大陆的先验知识。他在哥伦布抄本的教皇庇护二世历史记录中做了很多旁注，内容涉及两个“Catayo”（Cathay？）人，据说他们在 1470 年代之前的某个时间在爱尔兰戈尔韦被冲上岸。 《福布斯》认为这些人是美洲印第安人，当时还是一名海员的哥伦布可能曾于 1476 年在戈尔韦度过一段时间，这些人的故事为他提供了令人信服的证据，证明爱尔兰以西存在着一块大陆，尽管他认为那块大陆是印度。 《福布斯》认为，至少在过去 6000 年里，远洋船只在北美东部和中美洲以及加勒比海地区很常见，而墨西哥湾流使得从加勒比海或北美东北部无意或故意前往欧洲的通道不仅有可能，而且是必然的。为了进一步支持这一观点，他引用了植物学证据，这些证据表明，许多美国植物物种存在于爱尔兰、斯堪的纳维亚和西班牙的大西洋沿岸，表明它们是作为漂浮物抵达的，并且在英国西海岸经常可以看到加勒比海龟。
In this volume, Forbes takes a new perspective on an old subject; the early presence and influence of Americans in Europe. Forbes argues that Americans arrived in Europe long before Columbus’ voyage to the New World, citing data from oceanography, genetics, botany, and archaeology, as well as from numerous documentary sources. Forbes argues plausibly for a significant American presence in Scandinavia and Europe beginning in the ninth and tenth centuries, but he is most convincing in his discussion of the presence of North and South Americans, Inuits, and American “captives,” some of whom were enslaved Africans or their descendants, in Europe from the fifteenth through the sixteenth century. His principle goal is to celebrate “the skill, courage, and adventurousness of these Americans”(4).Forbes begins with a chapter outlining what is known of Columbus’ prior knowledge of the New World. He makes much of the marginal notes in Columbus’ copy of Pope Pius II’s Historia rerum concerning two people of “Catayo”(Cathay?) who were said to have washed ashore in Galway, Ireland, some time prior to the 1470s. Forbes believes that these people were American Indians and that Columbus, then a seaman, may have spent time in Galway in 1476, where stories of these people provided him with convincing evidence for the existence of a continent to the west of Ireland, albeit one that he believed to be India. Forbes argues that ocean-going vessels were common in maritime regions of eastern North and Central America and in the Caribbean, for at least the past 6,000 years, and that the Gulf Stream made the inadvertent or deliberate passage from the Caribbean or from North Eastern North America to Europe not only likely but certain. In further support of this view, he cites botanical evidence that shows many American plant species present on the Atlantic shores of Ireland, Scandinavia, and Spain in contexts that suggest that they arrived as flotsam, and that Caribbean maritime turtles are regularly sighted along Britain’s western shores.