Regulation of plasma lipoprotein levels by dietary triglycerides enriched with different fatty acids
Regulation of plasma lipoprotein levels by dietary triglycerides enriched with different fatty acids
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199711000-00006
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rogers, EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nicolosi, RJ;Rogers, EJ
饱和植物油（椰子、棕榈和棕榈仁油）主要含有饱和脂肪酸，月桂酸（12:0）或肉豆蔻酸(14:0和棕榈酸（16:0），提高动物和人类血浆总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL- c）水平，可能是通过降低LDL受体活性和/或增加LDL- c生成速率。虽然硬脂酸（18:0）在化学上是一种饱和脂肪酸，但人类和动物的研究都表明，它在生物学上是中性的（既不升高也不降低）血液中的胆固醇水平。虽然早期的研究表明中链脂肪酸（8:0-10:0）也被认为是中性的，但最近对动物和人类的研究表明并非如此。不饱和植物油，如玉米、大豆油、橄榄油和菜籽油，由于其主要的亚油酸（18:2）或油酸（18:1）水平，是降低胆固醇的，可能是由于它们有能力上调LDL受体活性和/或降低LDL- c的产生速率。是否反式脂肪酸，如反式油酸（t18:1），在氢化产品，如人造黄油，是高胆固醇仍有争议。对人类的研究表明，它们的胆固醇升高潜力介于天然非氢化植物油和更饱和的乳制品（如黄油）之间。评估反式18:1降胆固醇反应的程度是困难的，因为在大多数饮食研究中，它的加入往往是以牺牲降低胆固醇的不饱和脂肪酸为代价的，这使得独立的评估几乎是不可能的。
Saturated vegetable oils (coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil) containing predominantly saturated fatty acids, lauric (12:0) or myristic (14:0 and palmitic (16:0), raise plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in animals and humans, presumably by decreasing LDL receptor activity and/or increasing LDL-C production rate. Although stearic acid (18:0) is chemically a saturated fatty acid, both human and animal studies suggest it is biologically neutral (neither raising nor lowering) blood cholesterol levels. Although earlier studies indicated that medium chain fatty acids (8:0-10:0) were also thought to be neutral, more recent studies in animals and humans suggest otherwise.Unsaturated vegetable oils such as corn, soybean, olive, and canola oil, by virtue of their predominant levels of either linoleic acid (18:2) or oleic acid (18:1), are hypocholesterolemic, probably as a result of their ability to upregulate LDL receptor activity and/or decrease LDL-C production rate.Whether trans fatty acids such as trans oleate (t18:1), in hydrogenated products such as margarine, are hypercholesterolemic remains controversial. Studies in humans suggest that their cholesterol-raising potential falls between the native nonhydrogenated vegetable oil and the more saturated dairy products such as butter. Assessment of the magnitude of the cholesterolemic response of trans 18:1 is difficult because in most diet studies its addition is often at the expense of cholesterol-lowering unsaturated fatty acids, making an independent evaluation almost impossible.