Processing Costs, Labor Efficiency, and Economies of Size in Cooperatively Owned Fluid Milk Plants
Processing Costs, Labor Efficiency, and Economies of Size in Cooperatively Owned Fluid Milk Plants
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合作拥有的液态奶厂的加工成本、劳动力效率和规模经济
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James B. Roof
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Thraen;D. E. Hahn;James B. Roof
本文考察了15家合作所有的液态奶加工厂的运营成本结构。选定的工厂范围从小型、低产量工厂到大型、高产量工厂，其资本和劳动力投入水平各不相同。通过将月度财务数据转换为平均值，并根据相对加工量对工厂进行分组，显示工厂的运营成本。估计了总成本和单位成本与平均工厂容量之间的函数关系。工厂产量增加10%，每加仑加工成本下降1.6%。单位成本减少的大约85%归因于劳动力、包装、能源、维修、维护和折旧成本的降低。
This article examines the operating cost structure of 15 cooperatively owned fluid milk processing plants. The selected plants range from small, low-volume facilities to large, high-volume plants with varying levels of capital and labor inputs. Operating costs are presented for the plants by converting monthly fiscal data to averages and grouping the plants by relative processing volume. The functional relationship between total and unit costs and average plant volume is estimated. Processing cost per gallon declines by 1.6 percent for a 10 percent increase in plant volume. Approximately 85 percent of the reduction in unit cost is attributable to lower labor, packaging, energy, repair, maintenance, and depreciation costs.