Host phylogeny and functional traits differentiate gut microbiomes in a diverse natural community of small mammals
Host phylogeny and functional traits differentiate gut microbiomes in a diverse natural community of small mammals
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.16874
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Bianca R. P. Brown;J. Goheen;S. Newsome;R. Pringle;T. Palmer;Khasoha M Leo;Tyler R. Kartzinel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bianca R. P. Brown;J. Goheen;S. Newsome;R. Pringle;T. Palmer;Khasoha M Leo;Tyler R. Kartzinel
哺乳动物肠道微生物群中细菌群落的差异往往反映了它们宿主的系统发育相关性，这种模式被称为系统共生。尽管大多数关于这一模式的研究比较了宿主物种的肠道微生物群落，但要了解产生系统共生的进化和生态过程，需要跨系统发生尺度和相似生态条件下的比较。我们分析了非洲半干旱稀树草原上14种同域小型哺乳动物的肠道微生物群，假设它们的体型和饮食差异可能存在强烈的系统共生模式。与系统共生一致，宿主之间的微生物组差异随着系统发育距离的增加而增加，从微生物组组成没有显著差异的同源小鼠和野兔到几乎没有共同肠道细菌的不同分类目物种。虽然只在11种啮齿类动物中发现了系统共生，但在这个尺度上，它比将所有14种啮齿类动物放在一起进行比较要弱得多。相比之下，在啮齿类动物的比较中，微生物组的多样性和组成通常与体型、饮食宽度和饮食重叠的相关性更强，而不是在所有谱系的比较中。因此，微生物组组成上最明显的差异反映了宿主的广泛进化差异，而不考虑体型或饮食，而微妙的微生物组差异反映了密切相关宿主在生态上重要性状的差异。强大的系统共生模式出现在系统发育的深处，促进共发生宿主物种功能分化的生态过滤器可能会破坏或模糊这种模式。
Differences in the bacterial communities inhabiting mammalian gut microbiomes tend to reflect the phylogenetic relatedness of their hosts, a pattern dubbed phylosymbiosis. Although most research on this pattern has compared the gut microbiomes of host species across biomes, understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that generate phylosymbiosis requires comparisons across phylogenetic scales and under similar ecological conditions. We analysed the gut microbiomes of 14 sympatric small mammal species in a semi‐arid African savanna, hypothesizing that there would be a strong phylosymbiotic pattern associated with differences in their body sizes and diets. Consistent with phylosymbiosis, microbiome dissimilarity increased with phylogenetic distance among hosts, ranging from congeneric sets of mice and hares that did not differ significantly in microbiome composition to species from different taxonomic orders that had almost no gut bacteria in common. While phylosymbiosis was detected among just the 11 species of rodents, it was substantially weaker at this scale than in comparisons involving all 14 species together. In contrast, microbiome diversity and composition were generally more strongly correlated with body size, dietary breadth, and dietary overlap in comparisons restricted to rodents than in those including all lineages. The starkest divides in microbiome composition thus reflected the broad evolutionary divergence of hosts, regardless of body size or diet, while subtler microbiome differences reflected variation in ecologically important traits of closely related hosts. Strong phylosymbiotic patterns arose deep in the phylogeny, and ecological filters that promote functional differentiation of cooccurring host species may disrupt or obscure this pattern near the tips.