Effect of boulder size on ejecta velocity scaling law for cratering and its implication for formation of tiny asteroids

Effect of boulder size on ejecta velocity scaling law for cratering and its implication for formation of tiny asteroids
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巨石尺寸对陨石坑喷射物速度缩放定律的影响及其对微小小行星形成的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115212
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Yamamoto Yuya
Yamamoto Yuya
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Okawa Hatsune;Arakawa Masahiko;Yasui Minami;Hasegawa Sunao;Toda Mizuno;Shirai Kei;Yamamoto Yuya

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喷出物速度分布是控制小行星表面演变和改变小行星和行星尘埃大小频率分布的一个重要特性。最近的小行星探索发现,小行星表面的巨石有一个广泛的大小频率分布。另一方面,许多研究喷出物的速度分布的陨石坑实验使用细粒度的均匀目标。因此,为了研究碎石堆小行星上不同大小的巨石的喷射过程,我们使用气枪以100 m s-1至4 km s-1的撞击速度对装有不同大小玻璃珠的目标进行了撞击实验,并在三维空间中分析了巨石的轨迹,以澄清粒度对喷射速度分布的影响。结果表明,喷射速度v0随颗粒尺寸的增大而减小,喷射速度的比例关系为v0 gR= k2 ′ r 0+ aR − 1 μ′(包括颗粒半径a); r 0是珠子的初始位置,g是重力加速度,R是陨石坑半径,k2 ′和μ′分别是,低撞击速度范围(< 200 m s-1)为0.58±0.02和0.62±0.02,高撞击速度范围(> 1 km s-1)为0.61±0.07和0.57±0.04。使用我们改进的喷出物速度标度定律,我们计算了喷出的巨石的着陆点,并得出结论,半径> 0.34R的巨石不能喷出最终的陨石坑之外。此外,当小行星162173 Ryugu上的浦岛陨石坑在表面形成时,直径达64米的巨石可能已经被喷射出超过Ryugu的逃逸速度,成为微小的整体小行星。
Ejecta velocity distribution is an important property for controlling asteroid surface evolution and for changing the size frequency distribution of asteroids and planetary dusts. Recent asteroid explorations revealed that boulders on an asteroid surface had a wide size frequency distribution. On the other hand, many studies on ejecta velocity distribution for cratering experiments used fine-grained homogeneous targets. Thus, to study the ejection process of various-sized boulders on rubble-pile asteroids, we conducted impact experiments using gas guns at impact velocities of 100 m s− 1 to 4 km s− 1 on targets with various-sized glass beads, and analyzed boulder trajectories in three dimensions to clarify the effect of grain size on ejection velocity distribution. The results showed that the ejection velocity, v 0, decreased as the bead size increased, and the ejecta velocity scaling law was improved to v 0 gR= k 2′ r 0+ a R− 1 μ′ including the bead radius, a; r 0 is the initial position of the bead, g is the gravitational acceleration, R is the crater radius, and k 2′ and μ′ are, respectively, 0.58±0.02 and 0.62±0.02 for the low-impact velocity range (< 200 m s− 1) and 0.61±0.07 and 0.57±0.04 for the high-impact velocity range (> 1 km s− 1). Using our improved ejecta velocity scaling law, we calculated the landing points of ejected boulders and concluded that boulders with radii> 0.34R could not be ejected outside the final crater. Moreover, when the Urashima crater on asteroid 162173 Ryugu was formed on the surface, boulders up to 64 m in diameter may have been ejected beyond the escape velocity of Ryugu to become tiny monolithic asteroids.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1999.tb01367.x
发表时间: 1999-07-01
影响因子: 2.2
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期刊: Icarus 183
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DOI: 10.1126/science.aav8032
发表时间: 2019-04-19
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
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