Neurokinin B and the hypothalamic regulation of reproduction.

Neurokinin B and the hypothalamic regulation of reproduction.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.059
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发表时间:
2010-12-10
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Dacks PA
Dacks PA
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rance NE;Krajewski SJ;Smith MA;Cholanian M;Dacks PA

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神经激肽B(NKB)或其受体NK3(NK3R)编码基因的功能突变缺失会导致性腺激素减退症,其特征是没有青春期发育,循环中的黄体生成素和性腺类固醇水平较低。这些研究表明,NKB和NK3R是人类生殖轴的基本元素。过去二十年的研究表明,下丘脑漏斗/弓状核中的一组神经元构成了这一调节回路的重要组成部分。这些神经元是类固醇反应的,在多种哺乳动物中共同表达NkB、Kispeptin、强啡肽、NK3R和雌激素受体α(ERα)。令人信服的证据表明,这些神经元在下丘脑回路中发挥作用,调节雌激素对促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)分泌的负反馈。此外,在大鼠,它们形成了一个双边的相互连接的网络,投射到正中隆起中表达NK3R的GnRH终末。该网络提供了一个解剖学框架来解释NkB/Kispeptin/Dynorphin/NK3R/ERα神经元之间的协调如何中介来自性腺的反馈信息来调节脉动性GnRH的分泌。有大量(但间接的)证据表明,这个网络可能是被称为“GnRH脉冲发生器”的神经电路的一部分,NK3R信号是一个重要的组成部分。这一理论为TAC3或TACR3基因失活突变患者发生低促性腺激素减退症提供了令人信服的解释。未来的研究还需要确定NKB信号在青春期的开始中是否起到允许的作用,或者是启动生殖功能成熟的动力的一部分。
Loss of function mutations in the genes encoding either neurokinin B (NKB) or its receptor, NK3 (NK3R), result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by an absence of pubertal development and low circulating levels of LH and gonadal steroids. These studies implicate NKB and NK3R as essential elements of the human reproductive axis. Studies over the last two decades provide evidence that a group of neurons in the hypothalamic infundibular/arcuate nucleus form an important component of this regulatory circuit. These neurons are steroid-responsive and coexpress NKB, kisspeptin, dynorphin, NK3R and estrogen receptor α (ERα) in a variety of mammalian species. Compelling evidence in the human indicates these neurons function in the hypothalamic circuitry regulating estrogen negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Moreover, in the rat, they form a bilateral, interconnected network that projects to NK3R-expressing GnRH terminals in the median eminence. This network provides an anatomical framework to explain how coordination among NKB/kisspeptin/dynorphin/NK3R/ERα neurons could mediate feedback information from the gonads to modulate pulsatile GnRH secretion. There is substantial (but indirect) evidence that this network may be part of the neural circuitry known as the “GnRH pulse generator”, with NK3R signaling as an important component. This theory provides a compelling explanation for the occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with inactivating mutations in the TAC3 orTACR3 genes. Future studies will be needed to determine whether NKB signaling plays a permissive role in the onset of puberty or is part of the driving force initiating the maturation of reproductive function.
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