Urban Bird Feeders Dominated by a Few Species and Individuals
Urban Bird Feeders Dominated by a Few Species and Individuals
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2017.00081
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发表时间：
2017-08-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Stanley, Margaret C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galbraith, Josie A.;Jones, Darryl N.;Stanley, Margaret C.
花园鸟类喂养的做法是一种全球现象，每年涉及数百万人和大量食物。许多人在喂食时都假设鸟类能从它们提供的食物中获得一些好处，但最近的研究也揭示了潜在的有害影响。然而，关于取食影响的信息仍然很少，包括这些影响在取食物种之间和内部普遍存在的信息。鸟类喂食器使用的一致性可能是其中的一个重要决定因素。经常使用喂食器的个体鸟类和物种更有可能体验到补充食物的好处和有害影响。我们调查了参观新西兰奥克兰实验饲喂站的花园鸟类的饲喂模式，具体目的是确定个体和物种对补充食物的使用是否一致或存在差异。我们使用相机陷阱和射频识别 (RFID) 技术来检查种内和种间饲养者访问模式并辨别物种关联。使用喂食站检测到 11 种鸟类，但两种引进物种（家麻雀 Passer Domesticus 和斑鸠 Streptopelia chinensis）主导了参观活动。这些物种最常出现在饲养者中，具有最大的同种群体规模。在许多物种之间发现了显着的关联，这表明种间相互作用对于确定饲养者的使用很重要。我们还发现所有重点物种的饲养者使用存在种内差异，其中家麻雀的个体差异最大。此外，季节对大多数访问参数有重要影响。观察到的补充食物资源使用方面的个体和物种特异性差异表明，花园鸟类喂养的影响并不普遍。至关重要的是，特别是考虑到新西兰的鸟类动物环境，引进物种的资源优势可能会对城市本地物种的保护产生潜在的负面影响。
The practice of garden bird feeding is a global phenomenon, involving millions of people and vast quantities of food annually. Many people engage in the practice of feeding assuming that birds gain some benefit from the food they provide, yet recent studies have revealed the potential for detrimental impacts as well. However, there is still a paucity of information on the impacts of feeding, including the ubiquity of these impacts among and within feeder-visiting species. Consistency in feeder use among birds is likely an important determinant of this. Individual birds and species that make frequent use of feeders are more likely to experience both the benefits and detrimental impacts of supplementary food. We investigated patterns of feeder use by garden birds visiting experimental feeding stations in Auckland, New Zealand, with the specific aim of determining whether use of supplementary food was consistent or variable among individuals and species. We used camera traps as well as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to examine intra-and interspecific feeder visitation patterns and to discern species associations. Eleven bird species were detected using feeding stations, however, two introduced species (house sparrow Passer domesticus and spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis) dominated visitation events. These species were present at feeders most frequently, with the largest conspecific group sizes. Significant associations were detected among a number of species, suggesting interspecific interactions are important in determining feeder use. We also found within-species differences in feeder use for all focal species, with individual variation greatest in house sparrows. Furthermore, season had an important influence on most visitation parameters. The observed individual and species-specific differences in supplementary food resource use imply that the impacts of garden bird feeding are not universal. Crucially, particularly given the avifaunal context in New Zealand, resource dominance by introduced species could have potential negative outcomes for native species conservation in cities.