Psychological stress and health in undergraduate dental students: fifth year outcomes compared with first year baseline results from five European dental schools
Psychological stress and health in undergraduate dental students: fifth year outcomes compared with first year baseline results from five European dental schools
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0579.2008.00468.x
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Humphris, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorter, R.;Freeman, R.;Humphris, G.
目的：比较5所欧洲牙科学校5年级牙科学生的一系列健康相关指标的水平与他们的1年级成绩之间的关系。方法：采用Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)测量牙科本科生的心理压力，该量表由情绪衰竭(EE，α=0.90)、去人性化(α=0.80)和个人成就感(α=0.72)三个量表组成。身体健康采用躯体症状问卷(α=0.82)，心理苦恼采用一般健康问卷(GHQ，α=0.89)，学生压力采用牙科环境压力问卷的7个分量表(DES，α=0.92)。来自曼彻斯特、贝尔法斯特、科克、赫尔辛基和阿姆斯特丹五所牙科学校的132名五年级学生进行了调查，回复率为51%。结果：与一年级相比，五年级学生的MBI平均得分相对较高，特别是在EE上；39%的学生可以被贴上高分的标签；44%的学生在GHQ上达到了病例的标准。在学习义务、与患者有关的方面和学习压力三个子量表上，DES的平均得分最高。不同学校之间在所有变量上都发现了有趣的差异。根据假设，压力对职业倦怠和身体症状都有明显的直接影响。结论：从一年级到五年级，牙科学生在心理压力和心理压力感方面呈现负向发展。这两个概念都与身心健康有关。建议牙科教职员工关注大学生压力预防和干预的重要性。
Psychological stress in undergraduate dental students: fifth year outcomes compared with first year baseline results from five European dental schools.Objective: To compare the levels of a series of health-related indicators from a cohort of fifth year dental students from five European schools with their first year scores, and to investigate the relationship between these follow-up measures.Methods: Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), consisting of three scales: Emotional Exhaustion (EE, alpha = 0.90), Depersonalisation (alpha = 0.80) and Personal Accomplishment (alpha = 0.72). Physical health was measured by the Physical Symptoms Questionnaire (alpha = 0.82), psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, alpha = 0.89) and student stress was captured using seven subscales of the Dental Environment Stress questionnaire (DES, alpha = 0.92). A total of 132 fifth year students responded from five dental schools (Manchester, Belfast, Cork, Helsinki and Amsterdam), a 51% response.Results: Fifth year students showed relatively high mean MBI scores when compared with first year results, especially on EE; 39% could be labelled 'high scorers'; 44% of the students met the criteria for 'cases' on the GHQ. Highest mean scores on the DES were obtained on the subscales: Study Obligations, Patient-Related Aspects and Study Pressure respectively. Between schools interesting differences were detected on all variables. As hypothesised, a clear direct effect of stress on both burnout and physical symptoms was shown. An indirect effect of stress on mental health via burnout was shown.Conclusions: Dental students showed a negative development through the years from first to fifth year with regard to EE and psychological distress. Both burnout constructs related to physical and mental health. It is recommended that dental faculty focus on the importance of prevention and intervention of stress amongst undergraduates.