Gastrointestinal Parasites and the Neural Control of Gut Functions.
Gastrointestinal Parasites and the Neural Control of Gut Functions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2015.00452
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Buret AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halliez MC;Buret AG
胃肠道运动和水和电解质的运输在暴露于肠道寄生虫后腹泻的病理生理中起关键作用。这些过程是由肠神经系统（ENS）主动调节的，其中包括传出、传入神经元以及中间神经元。ENS的完整性对于维持肠道内稳态反应至关重要。已知许多胃肠道寄生虫通过改变ens引起疾病，但其机制尚不完全清楚。细小隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫（同肠贾第鞭毛虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫）、克氏锥虫、血吸虫和其他种类的寄生虫至少在一定程度上通过对ens的影响来改变胃肠道运动、吸收或分泌。最近的研究结果还表明，小肠寄生虫如细小贾第鞭毛虫和十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫与肠易激综合征等感染后并发症的发生有关，这进一步强调了它们对肠-脑轴的影响。本文批判性地回顾了肠道寄生对肠道功能神经控制影响的最新进展和知识现状，并提供了这些异常的机制的见解。
Gastrointestinal motility and transport of water and electrolytes play key roles in the pathophysiology of diarrhea upon exposure to enteric parasites. These processes are actively modulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), which includes efferent, and afferent neurons, as well as interneurons. ENS integrity is essential to the maintenance of homeostatic gut responses. A number of gastrointestinal parasites are known to cause disease by altering the ENS. The mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia), Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma species and others alter gastrointestinal motility, absorption, or secretion at least in part via effects on the ENS. Recent findings also implicate enteric parasites such as C. parvum and G. duodenalis in the development of post-infectious complications such as irritable bowel syndrome, which further underscores their effects on the gut-brain axis. This article critically reviews recent advances and the current state of knowledge on the impact of enteric parasitism on the neural control of gut functions, and provides insights into mechanisms underlying these abnormalities.