Principles of Astrogliopathology.
Principles of Astrogliopathology.
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星形胶质病理学原理。
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_3
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Parpura V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Verkhratsky A;Li B;Scuderi C;Parpura V
星形胶质细胞在神经系统病理学中的作用在19世纪末和20世纪初很早就被神经科学家接受，但在20世纪的大部分时间里，才被以神经元为中心的教条所摒弃。然而，二十世纪的最后十年和二十一世纪带来了星形胶质细胞的复兴，使星形胶质细胞成为大多数神经系统疾病(如果不是全部)的病理生理学中的关键参与者，并将星形胶质细胞视为治疗干预的肥沃土壤。星形胶质细胞对神经病理学的贡献可能是主要的，由此细胞自主变化，如胶质纤维酸性蛋白编码基因的突变，可以推动病理进展，在这个例子中，亚历山大病。当星形胶质细胞对神经组织的各种侮辱做出反应时，它们也可能是次要的。无论起源、是否细胞自主，在病理学上发生的星形胶质细胞的变化，即星形胶质病理，可以当代和任意地分为四种形式：(I)反应性星形胶质细胞增生症，(Ii)星形胶质细胞萎缩并丧失功能，(Iii)星形胶质细胞的病理性重塑和(Iv)星形胶质细胞变性，在形态上表现为纤维树突变性。不可避免地，就像任何其他分类一样，星形胶质病理学的这种分类等待着它的修订，这将植根于新的发现和概念。
The role of astrocytes in the nervous system pathology was early on embraced by neuroscientists at end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, only to be pushed aside by neurone-centric dogmas during most of the twentieth century. However, the last decade of the twentieth century and the twenty-first century have brought the astroglial “renaissance”, which has put astroglial cells as key players in pathophysiology of most if not all disorders of the nervous system and has regarded astroglia as a fertile ground for therapeutic intervention.Astrocytic contribution to neuropathology can be primary, whereby cell-autonomous changes, such as mutations in gene encoding for glial fibrillary acidic protein, can drive the pathologic progression, in this example, Alexander disease. They can also be secondary, when astrocytes respond to a variety of insults to the nervous tissue. Regardless of their origin, being cell-autonomous or not, changes in astroglia that occur in pathology, that is, astrogliopathology, can be contemporary and arbitrary classified into four forms: (i) reactive astrogliosis, (ii) astrocytic atrophy with loss of function, (iii) pathological remodelling of astrocytes and (iv) astrodegeneration morphologically manifested as clasmatodendrosis. Inevitably, as with any other classification, this classification of astrogliopathology awaits its revision that shall be rooted in new discoveries and concepts.