Harnessing the potential for otolith microchemistry to foster the conservation of Amazonian fishes
Harnessing the potential for otolith microchemistry to foster the conservation of Amazonian fishes
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利用耳石微化学的潜力促进亚马逊鱼类的保护
DOI：
10.1002/aqc.3567
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hauser, Marília
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermann, Theodore W.;Duponchelle, Fabrice;Castello, Leandro;Limburg, Karin E.;Pereira, Luciana A.;Hauser, Marília
淡水环境容纳了世界上大约一半的鱼类多样性，其中大部分集中在亚马逊河等大型热带河流系统中。鱼类对亚马逊河流域的生态系统功能至关重要，但面临着越来越多的人类威胁。对这些鱼种的基本生物学，特别是洄游行为的研究仍然很少，部分原因是在偏远的热带地区进行标记研究有困难，耳石微化学可以避免后勤问题，是研究鱼类生活史的一个日益重要的工具。然而，这种方法仍然是新的在亚马逊河，其潜力和局限性，告知鱼类保护strategies仍不清楚。在这里，在亚马逊河的耳石微化学研究进行了审查，突出当前的可能性，并讨论了几个关键因素，限制其作为一种保护工具，在亚马逊河的使用。这些问题包括时空要素数据的缺乏、对环境-鱼类-耳石路径的认识不足以及资金、设施和设备的不足。该提案的关键方面包括内部和外部资金的建议，这对于获取和维护技术人员，尖端设备和设施以及促进定期科学会议和工作组至关重要。会议可以促进一个系统的方法来调查环境耳石路径，扩大亚马逊河支流的化学基线，并探讨潜在的有价值的elements.These成果是迫切需要的，以保护生物多样性和生态系统功能在亚马逊河，特别是考虑到威胁，如广泛的水电筑坝。这里提出的倡议可以使耳石微化学成为一个重要的，具有成本效益的工具，以告知和促进亚马逊的保护，并作为其他濒危热带河流流域，如湄公河和刚果的模板。
Freshwater environments host roughly half of the world’s fish diversity, much of which is concentrated in large, tropical river systems such as the Amazon. Fishes are critical to ecosystem functioning in the Amazon River basin but face increasing human threats. The basic biology of these species, and particularly migratory behaviour, remains poorly studied, in part owing to the difficulty associated with conducting tagging studies in remote tropical regions.Otolith microchemistry can circumvent logistical issues and is an increasingly important tool for studying fish life histories. However, this approach is still new in the Amazon, and its potential and limitations to inform fish conservation strategies remain unclear.Here, otolith microchemistry studies in the Amazon are reviewed, highlighting current possibilities, and several key factors that limit its use as a conservation tool in the Amazon are discussed. These include the dearth of spatiotemporal elemental data, poor understanding of environment–fish–otolith pathways, and insufficient funding, facilities, and equipment.A research initiative is proposed to harness the potential of this technique to support conservation in the Amazon. Key aspects of the proposal include recommendations for internal and external funding, which are critical to acquiring and maintaining technical staff, cutting‐edge equipment, and facilities, as well as fostering regular scientific meetings and working groups. Meetings can facilitate a systematic approach to investigating environment–otolith pathways, broadening the chemical baseline for most Amazonian tributaries, and exploring potential valuable elements.These outcomes are urgently needed to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the Amazon, especially given threats such as widespread hydroelectric damming. The initiative proposed here could make otolith microchemistry an important, cost‐effective tool to inform and foster conservation in the Amazon, and act as a template for other imperilled tropical river basins, such as the Mekong and the Congo.
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