Kin-biased territory overlap and food sharing among Atlantic salmon juveniles
Kin-biased territory overlap and food sharing among Atlantic salmon juveniles
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00614.x
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Armstrong, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Griffiths, SW;Armstrong, JD
1.根据亲缘选择理论，预测近亲应该聚集以产生包容性的适应优势。然而，尽管实验室证据表明兄弟姐妹之间的攻击性减少，但遗传学研究未能在野生领地鱼类（例如幼鲑鱼）中找到令人信服的亲缘关系证据。在这些遗传学研究中，亲缘关联程度的计算基于个体鱼类的地理分布在空间和时间上是固定的假设。相比之下，最近的研究表明，空间分布模式是流动的，并且活动范围有相当大的重叠。因此，亲缘选择的好处可能并不取决于鱼本身的并置，而是取决于它们在交往时如何相互作用。2．为了探讨这个问题，我们进行了一项实验，以测试成对的大西洋鲑鱼 Salmo salar (L.) 幼鱼中的优势鱼类是否比非亲属更有可能与亲缘共享高质量摄食斑块中的食物，以及在没有优势个体的情况下，优势鱼类对从属鱼类的亲属偏向恐吓是否持续存在。 3。兄弟姐妹共享高质量觅食区域的时间是非亲属的两倍。优势鱼的食物摄入量不随从属同种的亲缘关系而变化。然而，一旦优势鱼类吃饱了，与非亲属配对时，从属个体就会消耗更多的食物。4。当半数鲑鱼对中的优势鱼被移除时，先前与优势亲属配对的从属鱼类的摄食活动增加到比先前与优势非亲属配对的从属鱼类更高的水平。5。这些发现表明，野生种群中的从属鱼类可以通过与优势亲属密切联系而获得双重觅食优势：（i）通过增加领地共享，以及（ii）当优势鱼类从与从属鱼类共享的斑块中移动时，减少获取食物斑块的时间。6。我们认为，在领地动物中，亲缘选择益处的获得不必依赖于邻近领地中固定的亲缘关系，而是可以在重叠家园范围的更流动的模式中偶尔发生关联时获得。
1. Based on kin selection theory, it has been predicted that close relatives should aggregate to accrue inclusive fitness advantages. However, studies of genetics have failed to find convincing evidence of kin association in wild populations of territorial fish such as juvenile salmonids, despite laboratory evidence of reduced aggression among siblings. In these genetic studies, calculations of the degree of kin association have been based on the assumption that the geographical distribution of individual fish is fixed over space and time. By comparison, recent work suggests that patterns of spatial distribution are fluid and that home ranges overlap considerably. Therefore, it is possible that benefits of kin selection depend not on the juxtaposition of fish per se, but on how they interact on the occasions when they associate.2. To explore this issue,, an experiment was conducted to test whether dominant fish in pairs of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (L.) juveniles were more likely to share food in high quality feeding patches with kin than non-kin and also whether kin-biased intimidation from dominant to subordinate fish was sustained in the absence of the dominant individual.3. Siblings shared high-quality feeding territories for twice as long as pairs of non-kin. The food intake of dominant fish did not vary with relatedness of subordinate conspecific. However, once dominant fish were satiated, subordinate individuals consumed a greater proportion of food items when paired with kin than non-kin.4. When dominant fish were removed from half the pairs of salmon, subordinate fish that had been paired previously with dominant kin increased their feeding activity to greater levels than subordinate fish that had been paired previously with dominant non-kin.5. These findings indicate that subordinate fish in wild populations may gain twofold foraging advantages by close association with dominant kin: (i) by increased territory sharing, and (ii) by reduced time for food patch acquisition when dominant fish move from patches shared with subordinates.6. We suggest that in territorial animals, the acquisition of kin selection benefits need not be dependent upon the fixed association of kin in adjacent territories, but can be accrued during occasional associations within a more fluid pattern of overlapping home ranges.